New Synthetic Opportunities in Miniaturized Flow Reactors with Inductive Heating

Abstract

Inductive heating has emerged as a new heating technique in the laboratory, particularly when combined with miniaturized flow reactor devices. Traditionally, inductive heating is found in industrial applications like the heating of large metallic objects such as in the bending of pipes, bonding and welding. New fields of application are the preparation of nanotubes as well as hyperthermia in the treatment of cancer. This account specifically addresses the use of heatable materials such as superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in many areas of organic synthesis and how this enabling technology compares to conventional as well as microwave heating.

Mechanochemical synthesis of TiO2/NiFe2O4 magnetic catalysts for operation under RF field

“…Under radiofrequency field, composite magnetic catalysts (CMCs), containing a magnetic and a catalytic component, provide fast and efficient energy transfer to the active sites [1,2]. In these materials, both catalytic and magnetic properties of the two components can be optimized depending on specific reaction requirements.…”

Synthesis of Magnetic‐Nanoparticle/Ansamitocin Conjugates—Inductive Heating Leads to Decreased Cell Proliferation In Vitro and Attenuation Of Tumour Growth In Vivo

“…The particle size, the particle composition, and the viscosity of the medium govern which of the two mechanisms dominate. Also, dependencies on the distance, frequencies, and heating power have to be noted …”

“…These nanostructures particles may be used as multifunctional scaffolds for different applications, whereas currently the focus lies predominantly in the use for magnetic drug targeting (MDT) and drug release systems. MDT is a concept that utilises nanostructured iron oxide particles loaded with a cytotoxic drug for the injection into a tumour‐supplying blood vessel followed by accumulation inside the tumour tissue using magnetic field gradients . For example, Alexiou and co‐workers disclosed a MDT concept based on iron oxide nanoparticles that are modified at the surface with lauric acid and are coated with the protein albumin.…”

A Bio‐Chemosynthetic Approach to Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide–Ansamitocin Conjugates for Use in Magnetic Drug Targeting

“…As a consequence, they are widely studied in nanomedicine, such as in magnetic resonance imaging techniques, tissue engineering, drug delivery and hyperthermia. [1,2] The size of the nanostructured particles including surface functionalization should ideally lie between 30 nm and 200 nm. Such dimensions guarantee endocytic uptake by cells including tumor cells.…”

“…Importantly, the magnetic and superparamagnetic properties are retained below a particle core size of about 30-40 nm. [1,2] In magnetic drug targeting (MDT) nanostructured iron oxide particles are loaded with a toxin. This conjugate is injected into a tumor supplying vessel and it accumulates inside tumor tissue by using magnetic field gradients.…”