New Superefficiently Flame-Retardant Bioplastic Poly(lactic acid): Flammability, Thermal Decomposition Behavior, and Tensile Properties

Abstract

In this study, a superefficiently flame-retardant bioplastic poly­(lactic acid) was developed by incorporating gas–solid biphase flame-retardant N,N′-diallyl-P-phenylphosphonicdiamide (P-AA), into PLA matrix. The flame retardancy of PLA/P-AA was investigated by limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning test (UL94), and cone calorimeter test. Surprisingly, it was noted that only 0.5 wt % loading of P-AA increased LOI value of PLA from 20.5 to 28.4 and passed UL 94 V-0 rating at 3.2 mm thickness. In order to understand the effect of P-AA on the thermal decomposition behavior of PLA, a comprehensive study was investigated in this paper, including (i) adopting modified Coats–Redfern method to study the thermal decomposition kinetics of PLA and PLA/P-AA systems, and (ii) characterizing the evolved gaseous products and the residues in the condensed phase by thermogravimetry linked Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TGA–FTIR) and variable temperature Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (VT-FTIR) techniques, respectively. Moreover, tensile properties of PLA and PLA/P-AA were studied.

The preparation of fully bio‐based flame retardant poly(lactic acid) composites containing casein

“…Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra were recorded by a Nicolet Nexus 670 FTIR spectrometer with 1 cm – resolution under 128 scans by KBr disk in the range of 4000 to 500 cm – wavenumbers.…”

“…Given the increasing energy crises and environmental pollution, the traditional petroleum‐based plastics are gradually replaced by bio‐based and biodegradable materials . Among them, poly(lactic acid) (PLA), which is obtained from corn or starch, has drawn more and more attention due to its excellent biological compatibility, mechanical properties, and high transparency .…”

Flame retarded poly(lactic acid): A review

“…In certain formulations, for example HNT, shorter TTI was noticed for the nanocomposites. This can be attributed to an earlier degradation of PLA in the corresponding nanocomposite, due to the existence of Brönsted acid Induce incomplete combustion in gas phase [67] PLA/Gra ( [59] sites on the external surface of clay after degradation of the organophilic modifier [98,99]. Table 4 suggests that the combined use of sepiolite and MWNT could generate the highest PHRR reduction (i.e., 45%) among all the silicate-type additives.…”

“…PCPP in the gas phase altered the release of flammable and nonflammable gases rather than changing the way of pyrolysis. Zhao et al [67] successfully improved the flammability of PLA using a low amount of flame retardant. A super-efficient flame retardant, N,N′-diallyl-Pphenylphosphonicdiamide (P-AA) was developed and incorporated into the PLA matrix.…”

Waterborne polyurethane conjugated with novel diol chain-extender bearing cyclic phosphoramidate lateral group: synthesis, flammability and thermal degradation mechanism

“…18,19 In addition, there is synergistic ame retardancy effect of phosphorus and nitrogen containing compounds on polymer matrices. 13,20 With this inspiration, herein, a novel halogen-free diol bearing phosphoramidatecontaining moieties lateral chain, named as 2-(5,5-dimethyl-2-oxo-2l 5 -1,3,2-dioxaphosphinan-2-ylamino)-2-methyl-propane-1,3-diol (PNMPD), was designed and synthesized, then it was covalently conjugated into polyurethane in the chain-extension process to obtain a series of P-N-containing re-resistant waterborne polyurethanes (PNWPU). A complementary study on the ame-retardant characteristics and aming mechanism of this polyurethane resin were also investigated.…”