New sulfonate composite functionalized with multiwalled carbon nanotubes with cryogel solid-phase extraction sorbent for the determination of β-agonists in animal feeds

Abstract

A new mixed-mode cation-exchange sulfonate composite functionalized with multiwalled carbon nanotubes with polyvinyl alcohol cryogel was fabricated and used for the first time as a solid-phase extraction sorbent for the determination of β-agonists in animal feeds. Feed samples were extracted with 0.20 M phosphoric acid and methanol (1:4, v/v) using ultrasonication, cleaned-up using the developed sorbent to which the β-agonists bound then finally eluted with 5.0% ammonia in methanol and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Various parameters that affected the extraction efficiency were optimized. Under the optimal conditions, the developed sorbent strongly interacted with β-agonists by cationic exchange and hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions, that provided a high extraction efficiency in the range of 92.8 ± 3.7-104.4 ± 2.3% over a range of 0.04-2.0 mg/kg for salbutamol and ractopamine, and 0.40-8.0 mg/kg for clenbuterol. The relative standard deviations were less than 6.0%. The developed method was successfully applied for the determination of β-agonists in various types of animal feed and effectively reduced any matrix interference.

A hybrid molecularly imprinted polymer coated quantum dot nanocomposite optosensor for highly sensitive and selective determination of salbutamol in animal feeds and meat samples

“…The HPLC condition for the determination of salbutamol was adopted from a previous report [6]. The determination of the salbutamol was carried out using a 1100 series HPLC system (Agilent Technologies Inc., Germany) and the data acquired using ChemStation software.…”

“…Animal feeds and meat samples were purchased from local markets in Songkhla province, Thailand. The extraction procedure of salbutamol in animal feeds was adapted from previous work [6]. Briefly 1.00 g of animal feed was extracted with 5.0 mL of 0.20 M phosphoric acid and methanol (1:4 v/v) using sonication for 15 min followed by centrifugation at 5000 rpm for 10 min.…”

“…Various analytical methods have been developed and used for the determination of salbutamol such as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [6], liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) [7,8], gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) [9], electrochemical [10][11][12] and capillary electrophoresis [13][14][15]. However, these methods are time consuming, requiring expensive instrument and complex sample preparation steps.…”

A hierarchical porous composite magnetic sorbent of reduced graphene oxide embedded in polyvinyl alcohol cryogel for solvent‐assisted‐solid phase extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

“…Solid sorbents for the adsorption of PAHs have been fabricated using multiwalled carbon nanotubes [14], polyaniline [11], graphene [15], molecularly imprinted polymer [16], and covalent organic frameworks [17] but commercial packed-particle SPE sorbents for the extraction of PAHs normally generate high back pressure, resulting in clogging of the cartridge. The use of a porous composite SPE sorbent is a more convenient approach that is able to overcome this drawback and improve extraction performance [18].…”

A miniaturized solid‐phase extraction adsorbent of calix[4]arene‐functionalized graphene oxide/polydopamine‐coated cellulose acetate for the analysis of aflatoxins in corn

“…However, SPE is the most frequently used method for clean‐up and preconcentration of target analytes due to its extraction capacity, high enrichment factor, and simplicity . However, commercially packed SPE cartridges have some limitations, including cartridge clogging and cost . In the fabrication of SPE adsorbents, cellulose acetate fiber (CFs) is an interesting porous supporting material with the potential to overcome these limitations.…”