New studies of the alcohol dehydrogenase cline in D. melanogaster from Mexico

Abstract

An altitudinal cline of frequencies of alcohol dehydrogenase alleles occurs in D. melanogaster populations of southeastern Mexico. A similar cline of two aldehyde oxidase alleles is present, but frequencies of esterase-6 alleles are not distributed clinically. Collections were made from small dispersed populations. Some gene flow occurred throughout the lowlands according to the distribution of two moderately endemic autosomal inversions and five previously described inversions. The clines are believed dependent on a limited gene flow between temperature races of D. melanogaster.

Latitudinal relationships of esterase-6 and phosphoglucomutase gene frequencies in Drosophila melanogaster

“…Previously seven electrophoretically defined Pgm alleles ( The North American Est-61°° dine originally found by Johnson and Schaffer (1973) Pipkin et al (1976); Est-61°° frequency increases from an average of about 20 per cent around 20° latitude to about 60 per cent around 400 latitude. Furthermore, this positive relationship between Est-61°° frequency and latitude extends through the higher latitudes represented by the European samples, in which Est-61°° frequency increases still further, from about 60 per cent at 40° latitude to about 80 per cent approaching 50° latitude.…”

“…The Est-6 and Pgm gene frequencies from North America and Europe/Asia were collated from 16 previous reports; Band (1975), Charlesworth and Charlesworth (1973), Cochrane and Richmond (1979), Danieli and Costa (1977), Girard et al (1977), Hollis (1972), Kojima et al (1970), Langley et al (1974Langley et al ( , 1977, Pipkin et a!. (1976), Triantaphyllidis et al (1973), Trippa (1971), Trippa et a!.…”

Relation between tolerance to ethanol and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity in Drosophila melanogaster: Selection, genotype and sex effects

“…(b) Natural populations of D. melanogaster are generally polymorphic for electrophoretic variants of ADH: ADH-F and ADH-S (Ursprung and Leone, 1965;Ward and Hebert, 1972;Pipkin et a!., 1976), AdhF allele persisting in some cases at higher frequencies in habitats where ethanol is present at higher concentrations (Briscoe et a!., 1975;Hickey and McLean, 1980 Ward, 1974Ward, , 1975Oakeshott, 1976a, b;Kamping and van McDonald and Ayala, 1978;Birley eta!., 1981;Sampsell and Steward, 1983;Kerver and van Delden, 1985). Additionally, the homozygous FF individuals usually have higher fitness on ethanol supplemented media than the SS ones (Gibson and Miklovich, 1971;Libion-Mannaert eta!., 1976;Oakeshott, 1976a;Thompson and Kaiser, 1977;Kamping and van Delden, 1978; van Delden and Kamping, 1983;Dorado and Barbancho, 1984).…”

Alternative smooth or stepped altitudinal cline of fecundity in Drosophila teissieri and D. yakuba in the Ivory Coast.

“…Some examples are chromosomal arrangements (Stalker and Carson, 1948;Levitan, 1978), allozymic frequencies (Pipkin et al, 1976); morphology, duration of development and preadult mortality (Louis et al, 1982). Although the question of whether or not altitudinal changes result in a selection gradient is old, it has still not been clearly answered.…”