New Strategies in Locust Control

Krall, S.; Peveling, Ralf; Diallo, Daouda

doi:10.1007/978-3-0348-9202-5

Cited by 61 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Authors used the vaguer term ‘preventive control’ at a seminar on control strategies (Krall et al., 1997). Showler (1997) limited this term to an, as yet unachieved, ideal in which pre‐gregarization control or outbreak prevention kills sufficient locusts to stop further developments.…”

Section: Plague Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preventing desert locust plagues: optimizing management interventions

Huis

Cressman²,

Magor

2007

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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Solitarious desert locusts, Schistocerca gregaria (Forskål) (Orthoptera: Acrididae), inhabit the central, arid, and semi-arid parts of the species' invasion area in Africa, the Middle East, and South-West Asia. Their annual migration circuit takes them downwind to breed sequentially where winter, spring, and summer rains fall. In many years, sparse and erratic seasonal rains support phase change and local outbreaks at only a few sites. Less frequently, seasonal rains are widespread, frequent, heavy, and long lasting, and many contemporaneous outbreaks occur. When such seasonal rains fall sequentially, populations develop into an upsurge and eventually into a plague unless checked by drought, migration to hostile habitats, or effective control. Increases in the proportion of gregarious populations as the plague develops alter the effectiveness of control. As an upsurge starts, only a minority of locusts is aggregated into treatable targets and spraying them leaves sufficient unsprayed individuals to continue the upsurge. Spraying all individuals scattered within an entire infested zone is arguably both financially and environmentally unacceptable. More of the population gregarizes and forms sprayable targets after each successive season of good rains and successful breeding. Eventually, unless the rains fail, the entire upsurge population becomes aggregated at high densities so that the infested area diminishes and a plague begins. These populations must continue to increase numerically and spread geographically to achieve peak plague levels, a stage last reached in the 1950s. Effective control, aided by poor rains, accompanied each subsequent late upsurge and early plague stage and all declined rapidly. The control strategy aims to reduce populations to prevent plagues and damage to crops and grazing. Differing opinions on the optimum stage to interrupt pre-plague breeding sequences are reviewed.

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Section: Plague Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preventing desert locust plagues: optimizing management interventions

Huis

Cressman²,

Magor

2007

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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“…The migratory locust Locusta migratoria is an economically important agricultural pest, and there is much accumulated knowledge about its biology (Uvarov, , , ; Faure, ; Krall et al ., ; Chen, ; Pener & Simpson, ). In the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria , hatching occurs from just before dawn to 4 h after sunrise in the field (Ellis & Ashall, ), which is consistent with laboratory observations indicating that eggs hatch during the cryophase of the thermocycle (Padgham, ; Nishide et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The hatching time of Locusta migratoria under outdoor conditions: role of temperature and adaptive significance

2017

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The present study investigates the time of hatching of the migratory locust Locusta migratoria using egg pods that are artificially buried in the soil under outdoor conditions. Most eggs hatch in the mid‐morning, with a peak between 11.00 and 12.00 h, and none hatch before 09.00 or after 16.00 h. Furthermore, most egg pods complete hatching within a day, although some take 2 or 3 days, and egg hatching is interrupted by rain. There are no large differences in hatching time from May to September. Laboratory experiments in which the eggs are exposed to temperatures simulating outdoor conditions show that soil temperature is the main factor controlling hatching activity. The increase in temperature in the morning appears to trigger egg hatching, as confirmed by laboratory experiments, which may explain the similar hatching times between seasons. The seasonal patterns of temperature variation and hatching time suggest that the hatching time of L. migratoria eggs may be adjusted to allow the hatchlings to be exposed to high temperatures in the afternoon so that they can harden their bodies quickly.

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“…The risk of destructive large swarms can be effectively managed by the application of a preventive strategy based on the monitoring of outbreak areas (Magor et al, 2008;Sword et al, 2010). This strategy, recommended as early as 1960 (FAO, 1968(FAO, , 1972Hafraoui & McCulloch, 1993;Krall et al, 1997;van Huis et al, 2007;Magor et al, 2007), continues to be the subject of criticism and discussion on the best timing of control operations (Joffe, 1995;Symmons, 2009). However, prevention remains the current strategy and its implementation is a probable factor in the reduction in the frequency, duration, and magnitude of invasions (Lecoq, 2001(Lecoq, , 2003Magor et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of solitarious desert locust population dynamics: lessons from historical survey data in Algeria

Lazar

Piou

Doumandji-Mitiche

et al. 2016

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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The desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria (Forskål) (Orthoptera: Acrididae), is a major pest and well known in its gregarious phase. However, it is not well understood during recession periods, when the solitarious phase populations are discrete. Nonetheless, these populations are at the origin of the invasions when ecological conditions become favourable. This lack of knowledge of the solitarious phase individuals impedes effective preventive management of this pest. Archive data collected in Algeria from 1980 to 2011 were used to analyse solitarious population dynamics across the Algerian Sahara where some outbreak areas are located that play a major role in the invasion process. The results confirm previous empirical observations on solitarious population dynamics. First, a clear difference could be documented between the northern and southern Saharan regions of Algeria concerning the locust dynamics and the impact of environmental conditions. The importance of runoff was clear to create suitable habitats over a long period and to very distant places from rainy areas. Second, a link, on an annual basis, between green vegetation and presence of solitarious locusts was found. Third, statistical relationships between various locations demonstrated a clear regional dynamics. Our study confirmed the importance of migrations of solitarious populations among Algerian regions and more generally within the recession area of this species. The operational implications of these findings are multiple. First, they confirm the need of a flexible and scalable preventive system during the year, from 1 year to another and with a clear distinction between the northern and southern Saharan areas of Algeria. Second, they also confirm the necessity for the inclusion of wadis and soil moisture estimations from remote sensing in geographic information systems for preventive management. And third, they clearly illustrate the importance to target solitarious locusts for more efficient preventive survey operations.

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New Strategies in Locust Control

Cited by 61 publications

References 9 publications

Preventing desert locust plagues: optimizing management interventions

Preventing desert locust plagues: optimizing management interventions

The hatching time of Locusta migratoria under outdoor conditions: role of temperature and adaptive significance

Importance of solitarious desert locust population dynamics: lessons from historical survey data in Algeria

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