New State Records for <I>Lutzomyia shannoni</I> and <I>Lutzomyia vexator</I>

Abstract

Two species of phlebotomine sand flies, Lutzomyia shannoni (Dyar) and Lutzomyia vexator (Coquillett), are reported for the first time from Kentucky and Ohio. L. vexator also is reported for the first time from Tennessee. These insects were found in a northeasterly band extending from southwestern Kentucky to southwestern Ohio. Both species were consistently captured from mid-July through September in 2006 and 2007 by using CO2-baited Center for Disease Control light traps. Weekly sampling revealed that these flies are more abundant in the southern part of this band than in the northern part, but increasing densities throughout this new range indicate that the flies are currently expanding their range. Although both species have been reported further north along the Atlantic coast, and L. vexator along the Pacific coast, neither of them had been reported this far north along the Mississippi Valley. Previous reports established L. shannoni as far north as west central Tennessee and L. vexator in a similar spatial pattern in the eastern part of its range, extending as far north as northern Alabama. Whether the new records reported herein represent a northerly expansion of the geographic range of these species or are reflective of sampling changes is inconclusive. However, the former scenario could presage an increased prevalence of the diseases associated with this group of insects.

Current Knowledge of Leishmania Vectors in Mexico: How Geographic Distributions of Species Relate to Transmission Areas

“…shannoni occurs well north into the United States, incorporation of occurrences in the United States into next-generation models would be useful. 70 In this regard, Leishamnia mexicana has also been found in the United States. [71][72][73][74] Leishmaniasis transmission in the states of Campeche and Quintana Roo is related to areas of moist forest, suggesting that infection is occurring by human proximity to areas with * Models were performed by using 80% of point data (training data).…”

Divergence of <I>Lutzomyia</I> (<I>Psathyromyia</I>) <I>shannoni</I> (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) Is Indicated by Morphometric and Molecular Analyses When Examined Between Taxa From the Southeastern United States and Southern Mexico

“…Recent reports document new collection records of L. shannoni in the United States (Haddow et al 2008, Minter et al 2009, Price et al 2011, Weng et al 2012, including a new state record for Texas , where a small number (n ϭ 12) were collected at the U.S. Army installation Fort Hood. The small collection number of L. shannoni compared with other Lutzomyia species collected during the same Fort Hood study indicates that either a recent range expansion occurred or that concerted sampling has Þ-The lead author is a U.S. military service member.…”

Phlebotomine Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) and Leishmania Infection in Gafanhoto Park, Divinópolis, Brazil

“…More recently, expansion of the disease has been observed in the Amazon basin as a result of human activities such as deforestation, establishment of Þeld plantations, mining, and new settlements (Silva-Nunes et al 2008). After an expanded interest of entomologists looking for sand ßies, many reports have detected the presence of potential and suspected vectors such as Lutzomyia shannoni (Dyar) and Lutzomyia vexator (Coquillett) in rural areas of the United States (Minter et al 2009). Also, adaptation of proven vectors such as Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva), Lutzomyia intermedia (Lutz & Neiva), and Lutzomyia whitmani (Antunes & Coutinho) to urban areas has been reported in many cities of Brazil (Margonari et al 2004, Gontijo et al 2005.…”