New sporopollenin-based β-cyclodextrin functionalized magnetic hybrid adsorbent for magnetic solid-phase extraction of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs from water samples

Abstract

A magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) procedure on the newly synthesized magnetic β-cyclodextrin functionalized with toluene diisocyanate (TDI) as a linker and further modified with bio-polymeric spores of sporopollenin (MSp-TDI-βCD), was developed for the extraction of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), namely, indoprofen (INP), ketoprofen (KTP), ibuprofen (IBP) and fenoprofen (FNP) from water samples prior to their HPLC-DAD determination. The newly synthesized MSp-TDI-βCD was comprehensibly characterized using FT-IR, XRD, SEM-EDX, BET and VSM analyses. The separation of selected NSAIDs on MSp-TDI-βCD from aqueous solution was simply achieved by applying an external magnetic field via a permanent magnet. The MSPE parameters affecting extraction performance, i.e. sorbent dosage, sample volume, extraction and desorption time, type of organic eluent and volume and solution pH were investigated and optimized. The proposed method showed linear range between 0.5 and 500 ng ml−1, low limit of detection at S/N = 3 (0.16–0.37 ng ml−1) and limit of quantification at S/N = 10 (0.53–1.22 ng ml−1). The inter-day (n = 15) and intra-day (n = 5) precision for the proposed methods given by relative standard deviation (RSD%) was in the range of 2.5–4.0 and 2.1–5.5, respectively. The extraction recoveries of NSAIDs from environmental samples (tap, drinking and river water) ranged from 92.5% to 123.6%, with satisfactory precision (RSD% less than 12.4%).

Evaluation of organo-vermiculites as sorbent phases for solid-phase extraction of ibuprofen from water

“…31–36 This behavior was probably due to the medium elution capacity of ACN, and this solvent could disrupt the polar and non-polar interactions between IBU and the sites of the sorbents. 34…”

“…ACN has been reported in the literature to promote the desorption of a diversity of analytes, using different extraction techniques. [31][32][33][34][35][36] This behavior was probably due to the medium elution capacity of ACN, and this solvent could disrupt the polar and non-polar interactions between IBU and the sites of the sorbents. 34 The higher desorption values were proportional to the ACN volume (Fig.…”

“…[31][32][33][34][35][36] This behavior was probably due to the medium elution capacity of ACN, and this solvent could disrupt the polar and non-polar interactions between IBU and the sites of the sorbents. 34 The higher desorption values were proportional to the ACN volume (Fig. 3B).…”

Returning to Nature for the Design of Sorptive Phases in Solid-Phase Microextraction

“…The OH-rich surface of pollen, which is responsible for its hydrophilic nature, opens the door to their easy chemical modification to include special extractive groups that broaden its applicability as sorbent. Mohamad et al have proposed a double derivatization of sporopollenin spores to synthesize magnetic and selective sorbents [80]. In an initial step, β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) is immobilized over the surface of the spore using toluene diisocyanate as the linker.…”

Synthesis of a Graphene-Encapsulated Fe3C/Fe Catalyst Supported on Sporopollenin Exine Capsules and Its Use for the Reverse Water–Gas Shift Reaction

“…Valuable properties of SpECs such as porous morphology and extreme uniformity in size distribution, high thermal stability, as well as being stable toward chemical attacks (e.g., strongly acidic or alkaline conditions) could make them an ideal catalyst support. Modified SpECs have mainly been applied as adsorbents for various analytes, including dyes, metals, , pesticides, and drugs. , SpECs have also been utilized as a solid support for peptide synthesis . To the best of our knowledge, however, only one study has reported the utilization of SpECs as a support for metal catalysts .…”