New species of the spider genera Aysenia and Aysenoides from Chile and Argentina: description and phylogenetic relationships (Araneae: Anyphaenidae, Amaurobioidinae)

Abstract

New spider species of the genera Aysenia Tullgren and Aysenoides Ramírez are described and their phylogenetic relationships discussed. The new species Aysenia paposo, from the coastal desert in northern Chile is sister to Aysenia araucana Ramírez. The diagnosis of Aysenia araucana is updated and new somatic variability is reported for the species. We present new records for other species of Aysenia and Aysenoides. The new species Aysenoides simoi, from temperate forests in Chile and adjacent Argentina is sister to Aysenoides nahuel. The phylogenetic analysis confirmed the monophyly of both genera. The support values of the genera are relatively high, but some internal branches show low support values. The genus Aysenia is supported by three synapomorphies, two of these from leg spination and one from the male genitalia. Aysenoides is supported by three synapomorphies from male and female genitalia.

Chasing ghosts: the phylogeny of Amaurobioidinae ghost spiders (Araneae, Anyphaenidae)

“…As expected, recent canopy fogging samples from Chile revealed a high abundance of anyphaenids (M. J. Ramírez, personal observation; Laborda et al . ).…”

“…; Ramírez ; Izquierdo & Ramírez ; Werenkraut & Ramírez ; González Márquez & Ramírez ; Soto & Ramírez ; Laborda et al . ). All these analyses corroborated the monophyly of most of the genera and solved the large‐scale relationships within the subfamily, yet consistently provided low support for many intergeneric relationships, and indicated that a few genera might benefit by being redelimited ( Sanogasta , Philisca , Oxysoma and Tasata ).…”

A Fine-Scale Hotspot at the Edge: Epigean Arthropods from the Atacama Coast (Paposo-Taltal, Antofagasta Region, Chile)

“…One of the most relevant biotic sections along the Atacama coast is the Paposo-Taltal coastal site, located between 24.5 • and 25.5 • lat S. This site has been long recognized as a remarkable vegetational and floristic spot of the coastal margin of the Antofagasta Region [32][33][34][35] and has been recently highlighted as one of the most plant species-rich fog oases along 3000 km of the Peru-Chile coastal belt [36]. A remarkable arthropod fauna is associated to this floristic richness, including several endemic bee species, like Liphanthus jenamro Mir Sharifi, Graham and Packer [37] and Neofidelia camanchaca Dumesh and Packer [38]; two scarabs [39]; six tenebrionids [33,[40][41][42][43][44]; four latridids [45]; a buprestid [46]; four spiders [47][48][49][50]; a monotypic genus of oribatid mite [51]; a freshwater amphipod [52]; three endemic scorpions [53,54].…”

Morphological variation on isolated populations of Praocis (Praocis) spinolai

“…These islands are located on the northwestern end of the Punta Choros area, Coquimbo Region ( Castro and Brignardello 2005 ), and constitute a peculiar insular ecosystem. The three islands are located in an area within the transitional coastal desert (25–32º Lat S), the latter of which is characterized by the presence of an unusually-species-rich arthropod fauna ( Cepeda-Pizarro et al 2005 ; Valdivia et al 2008 , 2011; Pizarro-Araya et al 2008 ; Alfaro et al 2009 ; Alcayaga et al 2013 ), endemism ( Jerez 2000 ; Pizarro-Araya and Flores 2004 ; Ojanguren-Affilastro et al 2007 ; Pizarro-Araya et al 2012a ,b; Ojan-guren-Affilastro and Pizarro-Araya in press ; Laborda et al 2013 ), and restricted distribution ( Pizarro-Araya and Jerez 2004 ; Agusto et al 2006 ; Alfaro et al 2013 ).…”