New species of the genus Schizolepidopsis (conifers) from the Albian of the Russian high Arctic and geological history of the genus

Domogatskaya, Ksenia V.; Herman, Alexei B.

doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2019.01.012

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Indeed, the late Paleozoic and Mesozoic fossil record is rich in extinct conifers of uncertain phylogenetic affinities (Taylor et al 2009). Although unambiguous Pinaceae are not known before the Late Jurassic, fossils of putative stem members of the family appear during the Triassic and possibly as early as the Late Permian (Delevoryas and Hope 1973;Taylor et al 2009;Domogatskaya and Herman 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the oldest of these possible Pinaceae stem lineages is the extinct genus Schizolepidopsis Doweld (formerly Schizolepis C.F.W. Braun), which comprises numerous species documented from localities throughout Eurasia (Rothwell et al 2012;Domogatskaya and Herman 2019). The earliest records of Schizolepidopsis date to the middle to late Permian, with a handful of occurrences in the Triassic (Domogatskaya and Herman 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Braun), which comprises numerous species documented from localities throughout Eurasia (Rothwell et al 2012;Domogatskaya and Herman 2019). The earliest records of Schizolepidopsis date to the middle to late Permian, with a handful of occurrences in the Triassic (Domogatskaya and Herman 2019). During the Jurassic, Schizolepidopsis was widespread throughout Eurasia, and it remained abundant through the Lower Cretaceous, when its distributions extended into Arctic latitudes (Domogatskaya and Herman 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The earliest records of Schizolepidopsis date to the middle to late Permian, with a handful of occurrences in the Triassic (Domogatskaya and Herman 2019). During the Jurassic, Schizolepidopsis was widespread throughout Eurasia, and it remained abundant through the Lower Cretaceous, when its distributions extended into Arctic latitudes (Domogatskaya and Herman 2019). No fossils of Schizolepidopsis are known from Upper Cretaceous strata, and the genus is presumed to have gone extinct sometime during the mid-Cretaceous (∼100 Ma; Xu et al 2013;Domogatskaya and Herman 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Affinities with Pinaceae have been repeatedly proposed for Schizolepidopsis based primarily on ovule number and orientation (two inverted ovules per scale; Wang et al 1997;Zhang et al 2011;Leslie et al 2013;Xu et al 2013;Domogatskaya and Herman 2019). However, placement in Pinaceae is equivocal because most Schizolepidopsis species have lax cone structure, seed wings derived from the ovuliferous scale (which characterize living Pinaceae) have been observed in only a handful of species, and internal anatomy that might link Schizolepidopsis to Pinaceae is unknown (Rothwell et al 2012;Leslie et al 2013;Xu et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ovulate Cones of Schizolepidopsis ediae sp. nov. Provide Insights into the Evolution of Pinaceae

Matsunaga

Herendeen

Herrera

et al. 2021

International Journal of Plant Sciences

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Premise of research. The extinct conifer genus Schizolepidopsis is characterized by deeply bilobed ovuliferous scales bearing two adaxial seeds. Although it is frequently placed in Pinaceae, the evidence for a close relationship with the family is mixed. Resolving the affinities of Schizolepidopsis has important implications for the age of Pinaceae because putative reports of the genus extend into the Late Permian. We describe a new species, Schizolepidopsis ediae sp. nov., based on specimens from the Lower Cretaceous of Mongolia and Inner Mongolia, China, that represent the first anatomically preserved occurrences of Schizolepidopsis.Methodology. Specimens were studied using light microscopy, cellulose acetate peels, and X-ray micro-computed tomography. To test relationships between Schizolepidopsis and Pinaceae, we performed conifer-wide phylogenetic analyses that included 10 previously described fossil conifers using DNA sequence data and a new morphological matrix of ovulate reproductive characters. Analyses were performed using Bayesian total evidence and parsimony backbone approaches.Pivotal results. Schizolepidopsis ediae possesses key characters of Pinaceae, including those related to pollination biology. Most analyses placed S. ediae in crown group Pinaceae (abietoid clade), with all other Schizolepidopsis species forming a grade along the Pinaceae stem. Uncertainty in the data indicates that stem group affinities of S. ediae are also possible.Conclusions. Schizolepidopsis ediae provides the first conclusive evidence linking Schizolepidopsis with extant Pinaceae. The phylogenetic relationships between extant Pinaceae and Schizolepidopsis suggest that seed wings evolved along the Pinaceae stem and not with the crown group and that, in combination with developmental genetic evidence, the simple ovuliferous scales of Pinaceae likely evolved from bilobed ovuliferous scales like those of Schizolepidopsis. More broadly, this study provides evidence of a Mesozoic Pinaceae stem group that might extend into the Paleozoic, helping to reconcile the ancient stem divergence of Pinaceae with its relatively recent crown age.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Ovulate Cones of Schizolepidopsis ediae sp. nov. Provide Insights into the Evolution of Pinaceae

Matsunaga

Herendeen

Herrera

et al. 2021

International Journal of Plant Sciences

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Early Cretaceous abietoid Pinaceae from Mongolia and the history of seed scale shedding

Herrera

Shi

Bickner

et al. 2021

American J of Botany

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Premise: Seed cones of extant Pinaceae exhibit two mechanisms of seed release. In "flexers" the cone scales remain attached to the central axis, while flexing and separating from each other to release the seeds. In "shedders" scales are shed from the axis, with the seeds either remaining attached to the scale or becoming detached. The early fossil history of Pinaceae from the Jurassic to Early Cretaceous is dominated by flexing seed cones, while the systematic information provided by shedding fossil cones has been overlooked and rarely integrated with data based on compression and permineralized specimens. We describe the earliest and best-documented evidence of a "shedder" seed cone from the Aptian-Albian of Mongolia. Methods: Lignite samples from Tevshiin Govi locality were disaggregated in water, washed, and dried in air. Fossils were compared to material of extant Pinaceae using LM and CT scans. Results: Lepidocasus mellonae gen. et sp. nov. is characterized by a seed cone that disarticulated at maturity and shed obovate bract-scale complexes that have a distinctive ribbed surface and an abaxial surface covered with abundant trichomes. The ovuliferous scale has ca. 30-40 resin canals, but only scarce xylem near the attachment to the cone axis. Resin vesicles are present in the seed integument. Phylogenetic analysis places Lepidocasus as sister to extant Cedrus within the abietoid grade. Conclusions: The exquisite preservation of the trichomes in L. mellonae raises questions about their potential ecological function in the cones of fossil and living Pinaceae. Lepidocasus mellonae also shows that a shedding dispersal syndrome, a feature that has often been overlooked, evolved early in the history of Pinaceae during the Early Cretaceous.

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The Late Cretaceous flora of the New Siberia Island (Arctic Russia): E. von Toll's and J.T. Schmalhausen's palaeobotanical heritage revisited

Herman

Domogatskaya

2020

Cretaceous Research

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New species of the genus Schizolepidopsis (conifers) from the Albian of the Russian high Arctic and geological history of the genus

Cited by 6 publications

References 15 publications

Ovulate Cones of Schizolepidopsis ediae sp. nov. Provide Insights into the Evolution of Pinaceae

Ovulate Cones of Schizolepidopsis ediae sp. nov. Provide Insights into the Evolution of Pinaceae

Early Cretaceous abietoid Pinaceae from Mongolia and the history of seed scale shedding

The Late Cretaceous flora of the New Siberia Island (Arctic Russia): E. von Toll's and J.T. Schmalhausen's palaeobotanical heritage revisited

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