New Species of Madurella, Causative Agents of Black-Grain Mycetoma

Hoog, G.S. de; Diepeningen, A.D. van; Mahgoub, Elsheikh; Sande, Wendy W. J. van de

doi:10.1128/jcm.05477-11

Cited by 68 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…An important clinical presentation of the coelomycetous fungi is eumycetoma, which is restricted to a specific group of pleosporalean species of fungi, namely, Medicopsis romeroi (formerly, Pyrenochaeta romeroi) (44)(45)(46), Biatriospora mackinnonii (formerly Pyrenochaeta mackinnonii) (46), and Trematosphaeria grisea (formerly, Madurella grisea) (47)(48)(49), among others. However, in the present study only nine of the isolates that were isolated from superficial and, less frequently, from deep tissues belonged to these genera.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coelomycetous Fungi in the Clinical Setting: Morphological Convergence and Cryptic Diversity

et al. 2017

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Human infections by coelomycetous fungi are becoming more frequent and range from superficial to systemic dissemination. Traumatic implantation of contaminated plant material is the most common cause. The typical morphological feature of these fungi is the production of asexual spores (conidia) within fruiting bodies called conidiomata. This study aimed to determine the distribution of the coelomycetes in clinical samples by a phenotypic and molecular study of a large set of isolates received from a U.S. reference mycological institution and by obtaining the in vitro antifungal susceptibility pattern of nine antifungals against a selected group of isolates. A total of 230 isolates were identified by sequencing the D1 and D2 domains of the large subunit (LSU) nuclear ribosomal RNA (nrRNA) gene and by morphological characterization. Eleven orders of the phylum Ascomycota were identified: Pleosporales (the largest group; 66.1%), Botryosphaeriales (19.57%), Glomerellales (4.35%), Diaporthales (3.48%), Xylariales (2.17%), Hysteriales and Valsariales (0.87%), and Capnodiales, Helotiales, Hypocreales and Magnaporthales (0.43% each). The most prevalent species were Neoscytalidium dimidiatum, Paraconiothyrium spp., Phoma herbarum, Didymella heteroderae, and Epicoccum sorghinum. The most common anatomical site of isolation was superficial tissue (66.5%), followed by the respiratory tract (17.4%). Most of the isolates tested were susceptible to the majority of antifungals, and only flucytosine showed poor antifungal activity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coelomycetous Fungi in the Clinical Setting: Morphological Convergence and Cryptic Diversity

et al. 2017

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“…With the recent description of new sibling species of Madurella similar to M. mycetomatis (31), the specificity of this method might be uncertain. Therefore, after amplification of DNA from clinical specimens, PCR products were sequenced.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Isothermal Amplification Techniques for Identification of Madurella mycetomatis, the Prevalent Agent of Human Mycetoma

et al. 2015

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Appropriate diagnosis and treatment of eumycetoma may vary significantly depending on the causative agent. To date, the most common fungus causing mycetoma worldwide is Madurella mycetomatis. This species fails to express any recognizable morphological characteristics, and reliable identification can therefore only be achieved with the application of molecular techniques. Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) are proposed as alternatives to phenotypic methods. Species-specific primers were developed to target the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of M. mycetomatis. Both isothermal amplification techniques showed high specificity and sufficient sensitivity to amplify fungal DNA and proved to be appropriate for detection of M. mycetomatis. Diagnostic performance of the techniques was assessed in comparison to conventional PCR using biopsy specimens from eumycetoma patients. RPA is reliable and easy to operate and has the potential to be implemented in areas where mycetoma is endemic. The techniques may be expanded to detect fungal DNA from environmental samples. Madurella mycetomatis is the most common causative agent of human eumycetoma worldwide, as evidenced in a recent review and meta-analysis on the disease (1). This highly morbid and destructive infection mainly affects individuals of low socioeconomic status in arid climate zones in the tropics (2). Although mycetoma was introduced into the medical literature in the 18th century, it still remains neglected and it has recently been recognized by the World Health Organization as a neglected tropical condition (2-4). The prevalence of the infection in villages in Sudan where the condition is endemic is estimated to be 14 per 1,000 inhabitants (5). At the Mycetoma Research Centre, Khartoum, Sudan, the main reference center in the country, the annual incidence of new cases is Ͼ300 (6). Despite this high incidence, appropriate diagnoses and therapies for this disease are still lacking (7).Mycetoma is a subcutaneous infection that mainly affects the extremities and leads to massive disfigurement and disability (8, 9). The infection is thought to occur as a result of transcutaneous trauma, which allows insertion of the causative agent into skin and subcutaneous tissue. A distinctive and unique feature of mycetoma agents is their ability to form compact grains in infected tissue that will be discharged through the sinuses (10). Since mycetoma can be caused by both bacteria (actinomycetoma) and fungi (eumycetoma), the discharged grains are different (11). Black grains are caused by fungi, while actinomycetoma grains are white, yellow, or red (2, 10, 12). Molecular phylogeny of the eumycetoma causative agents has shown that the black-grain agents belong to entirely different fungal species, and these fungi differ in their antifungal susceptibility profiles (13,14). Therefore, precise identification of the causative agent is necessary.Current techniques for mycetoma diagnostics mostly co...

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“…Madurella fahalii se diferencia por no presentar pigmento difusible. Estas especies se identifican por biología molecular utilizando la secuencia ITS, el gen de la beta tubulina y el gen de la subunidad II de la RNA polimerasa 30 .…”

Section: Madurella Pseudomycetomatis Madurella Tropica Y Madurella Funclassified

“…Un análisis filogenético reciente demostró que M. mycetomatis y M. grisea pertenecen a diferentes órdenes; en la actualidad, el género Madurella se encuentra constituido por M. mycetomatis, M. pseudomycetomatis, M. tropica y M. fahalii, que pertenecen al orden Sordiales, mientras que M. grisea es miembro de los Pleosporales y pasó a denominarse Trematosphaeria grisea 29,30,52,53 . Además, cuatro cepas dematiáceas de micelio estéril CBS obtenidas de pacientes con micetoma, originalmente identificadas por métodos tradicionales como M. mycetomatis, mostraron diferencias significativas en la región ITS, demostrándose que representan especies diferentes; ninguna de estas cepas era originaria de África 28 .…”

Section: Avances En Identificación Y Filogenia Molecularunclassified

“…Esto pudiera estar en relación con la identificación, por métodos tradicionales, de diversas especies que poseen perfiles de resistencia antifúngica diferentes, como M. mycetomatis. Por ejemplo, M. fahalii (CBS 129176) presentó resistencia a 5-flucitosina, fluconazol, itraconazol y caspofungina, y M. tropica (CBS 201.38) fue resistente a 5-fluocitosina y caspofungina 29,30 . El uso de triazoles potentes de amplio espectro, como el posaconazol (200-800 mg/ día) y el voriconazol, obtiene altas tasas de cura (80%) contra especies de Madurella y S. apiospermun, observándose remisión durante el seguimiento a 2 años tras el término del tratamiento, pero su alto costo impide su uso en las regiones endémicas [58][59][60][61] .…”

Section: Tratamientounclassified

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