New species of dinoflagellate cysts from the Campanian-Danian chalks at Hallembaye and Turnhout (Belgium) and at Beutenaken (the Netherlands)

Slimani, Hamid

doi:10.1144/jm.20.1.1

Cited by 19 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The porosities lie in the range of 40-45% [12,21,33,35,38,39]. More information about mineralogy, petrography, and rheological characteristics of these chalk successions can be found in literature [12,33,35,38,39]. Onshore chalk successions are used as analogues for North Sea reservoir chalk in several studies [8,17,20,21,35].…”

Section: Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quick, Easy, and Economic Mineralogical Studies of Flooded Chalk for EOR Experiments Using Raman Spectroscopy

et al. 2018

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Understanding the chalk-fluid interactions and the associated mineralogical and mechanical alterations on a sub-micron scale are major goals in Enhanced Oil Recovery. Mechanical strength, porosity, and permeability of chalk are linked to mineral dissolution that occurs during brine injections, and affect the reservoir potential. This paper presents a novel "single grain" methodology to recognize the varieties of carbonates in rocks and loose sediments: Raman spectroscopy is a non-destructive, quick, and user-friendly technique representing a powerful tool to identify minerals down to 1 µm. An innovative working technique for oil exploration is proposed, as the mineralogy of micron-sized crystals grown in two flooded chalk samples (Liége, Belgium) was successfully investigated by Raman spectroscopy. The drilled chalk cores were flooded with MgCl 2 for ca. 1.5 (Long Term Test) and 3 years (Ultra Long Term Test) under North Sea reservoir conditions (Long Term Test: 130 • C, 1 PV/day, 9.3 MPa effective stress; Ultra Long Term Test: 130 • C, varying between 1-3 PV/day, 10.4 MPa effective stress). Raman spectroscopy was able to identify the presence of recrystallized magnesite along the core of the Long Term Test up to 4 cm from the injection surface, down to the crystal size of 1-2 µm. In the Ultra Long Term Test core, the growth of MgCO 3 affected nearly the entire core (7 cm). In both samples, no dolomite or high-magnesium calcite secondary growth could be detected when analysing 557 and 90 Raman spectra on the Long and Ultra Long Term Test, respectively. This study can offer Raman spectroscopy as a breakthrough tool in petroleum exploration of unconventional reservoirs, due to its quickness, spatial resolution, and non-destructive acquisition of data. These characteristics would encourage its use coupled with electron microscopes and energy dispersive systems or even electron microprobe studies.

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Section: Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quick, Easy, and Economic Mineralogical Studies of Flooded Chalk for EOR Experiments Using Raman Spectroscopy

et al. 2018

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“…The sampled chalk at Liège belongs to the Campanian to late early Maastrichtian Gulpen Formation, which has been deposited from the Campanian until the late early Maastrichtian (Molenaar and Zijlstra, 1997). The samples here originate from the basal succession, the ZevenWegen Member (Robaszynski et al, 2001) with an age of 75.5-78.0 Ma (belemnite zone Belemnitella mucronata after Slimani, 2001). Hjuler and Fabricius (2009) describe the chalk as having clear signs of recrystallization, contact cements, overgrowth, and particle interlocking but preserved intrafossil porosity and with commonly well-preserved coccolithophores.…”

Section: Geologic Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Large sample blocks were taken from the quarry close to Hallembaye (CBR-Lixhe [Cimenterie Belge Reunié] quarry; Slimani, 2001) in the region of Liège (Belgium) at N50°44 ′51.16″ and E005°38′52.17″. The chalk was studied earlier in detail regarding its petrology and mineralogical and rheological characteristics (Felder, 1975;Molenaar and Zijlstra, 1997;Slimani, 2001;Strand et al, 2007;Hjuler and Fabricius, 2009).…”

Section: Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of the compositional changes during flooding of reactive fluids using scanning electron microscopy, nano-secondary ion mass spectrometry, x-ray diffraction and whole rock geochemistry

Zimmermann¹,

Madland²,

Nermoen³

et al. 2015

Bulletin

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Outcrop chalk of late Campanian age (Gulpen Formation) from Liège (Belgium) was flooded with MgCl 2 in a triaxial cell for 516 days under reservoir conditions to understand how the nonequilibrium nature of the fluids altered the chalks. The study is motivated by enhanced oil recovery (EOR) processes because dissolution and precipitation change the way in which oils are trapped in chalk reservoirs. Relative to initial composition, the first centimeter of the flooded chalk sample shows an increase in MgO by approximately 100, from a weight percent of 0.33% to 33.03% and a corresponding depletion of CaO by more than 70% from 52.22 to 14.43 wt.%. Except for Sr, other major or trace elements do not show a significant change in concentration. Magnesite was identified as the major newly grown mineral phase. At the same time, porosity was reduced by approximately 20%. The amount of Cl − in the effluent brine remained unchanged, whereas Mg 2+ was depleted and Ca 2+ enriched. The loss of Ca 2+ and gain in Mg 2+ are attributed to precipitation of new minerals and leaching the tested core by approximately 20%, respectively. Dramatic mineralogical and geochemical changes are observed with scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, nano secondary ion mass spectrometry, x-ray diffraction, and whole-rock geochemistry techniques. The understanding of how fluids interact with rocks is important to, for example, EOR, because textural changes in the pore space affect how water will imbibe and expel oil from the rock. The mechanisms of dissolution and mineralization of fine-grained chalk can be described and quantified and, when understood, offer numerous possibilities in the engineering of carbonate reservoirs.

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“…The porosities lie in the range of 40-45 % [21,35,[39][40][41][42]. More information about mineralogy, petrography, and rheological characteristics of these chalk successions can be found in literature [35,39,[40][41][42]. Onshore chalk successions are used as analogues for North Sea reservoir chalk in several studies [8,17,20,21,35].…”

Section: Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quick, Easy and Economic Mineralogical Studies of Flooded Chalk for EOR Experiments Using Raman Spectroscopy

Borromeo¹,

Egeland²,

Minde³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Understanding the chalk-fluid interactions and the associated mineralogical and mechanical alteration at sub-micron scale are major goals in Enhanced Oil Recovery. Mechanical strength, porosity, and permeability of chalk are linked to mineral dissolution that occurs during brine injections, and affect the reservoir potential. This paper presents a novel "single grain" methodology to recognize the varieties of carbonates in rocks and loose sediments: Raman spectroscopy is a non-destructive, quick, and user-friendly technique representing a powerful tool to identify minerals down to 1 µm. An innovative working technique for oil exploration is proposed, as the mineralogy of micron-sized crystals grown in two flooded chalk samples (Liége, Belgium) was successfully investigated by Raman spectroscopy. The drilled chalk cores were flooded with MgCl2 for c. 1.5 (Long Term Test) and 3 years (Ultra Long Term Test) under North Sea reservoir conditions (Long Term Test: 130°C, 1 PV/day, 9.3 MPa effective stress; Ultra Long Term Test: 130°C, varying between 1-3 PV/day, 10.4 MPa effective stress). Raman spectroscopy was able to identify the presence of recrystallized magnesite along the core of the Long Term Test up to 4 cm from the injection surface, down to the crystal size of 1-2 µm. In the Ultra Long Term Test core the growth of MgCO3 affected nearly the entire core (7 cm). In both samples, no dolomite or high-magnesium calcite secondary growth could be detected when analysing 557 and 90 Raman spectra on the Long and Ultra Long Term Test, respectively. This study can offer Raman spectroscopy as a breakthrough tool in petroleum exploration of unconventional reservoirs, due to its quickness, spatial resolution, and non-destructive acquisition of data. These characteristics would encourage its use coupled with electron microscopes and energy dispersive systems or even electron microprobe studies.

show abstract

New species of dinoflagellate cysts from the Campanian-Danian chalks at Hallembaye and Turnhout (Belgium) and at Beutenaken (the Netherlands)

Cited by 19 publications

References 16 publications

Quick, Easy, and Economic Mineralogical Studies of Flooded Chalk for EOR Experiments Using Raman Spectroscopy

Quick, Easy, and Economic Mineralogical Studies of Flooded Chalk for EOR Experiments Using Raman Spectroscopy

Evaluation of the compositional changes during flooding of reactive fluids using scanning electron microscopy, nano-secondary ion mass spectrometry, x-ray diffraction and whole rock geochemistry

Quick, Easy and Economic Mineralogical Studies of Flooded Chalk for EOR Experiments Using Raman Spectroscopy

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