New sources of aphids [Aphis craccivora (Koch)] resistance in cowpea germplasm using phenotypic and molecular marker approaches

Omoigui, Lucky O.; Ekeuro, G. C.; Kamara, Alpha Y.; Bello, L. L.; Timko, Michael P.; Ogunwolu, G. O.

doi:10.1007/s10681-017-1962-9

Cited by 29 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In this study, application of treatments in both seasons did not therefore, there would be inevitable crop damage (Omoigui et al, 2017;Schreiner, 2000). However, the damage was less in the wet sea- (Zimmermann, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…Additionally, Duduthrin ® performed poorly compared to untreated control in the wet season, where spiders and parasitoids populations were higher in the control compared to Duduthrin ® plots. The nature of aphid reproduction where eggs are retained inside the body and young nymphs are borne and mature within 2–3 days increases the chance of fast population build‐up under favourable environmental conditions, and therefore, there would be inevitable crop damage (Omoigui et al, ; Schreiner, ). However, the damage was less in the wet season because infestation occurred late and plants were old enough and hence less susceptible to aphid damage compared to dry season where infestation occurred at early stages when plants were more susceptible to damage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficacy of aqueous and oil formulations of a specific Metarhizium anisopliae isolate against Aphis craccivora Koch, 1854 (Hemiptera: Aphididae) under field conditions

Mweke

Akutse

Ulrichs

et al. 2019

J Applied Entomology

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Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) production is constrained by biotic and abiotic factors, among which Cowpea aphid (Aphis craccivora) is ranked a key insect pest that severely limits its potential for provision of food and nutritional security to millions of people in sub‐Saharan Africa. The use of entomopathogenic fungi for A. craccivora management has been recently demonstrated at laboratory and field levels as alternative to synthetic insecticides, but with low adoption in Africa. This study assessed the efficacy of aqueous and oil formulations of Metarhizium anisopliae ICIPE 62 against A. craccivora under field conditions. Metarhizium anisopliae formulations and a commonly used insecticide Duduthrin® were applied using knapsack sprayers with target output of 350 L/ha. Data on aphid infestation levels were collected weekly. ICIPE 62 efficacy in inducing mortality was also assessed 24 hr post‐treatment coupled with mycosis test. Further, leaf and grain yields were determined. After six weeks post‐treatment in the wet season, there was no significant reduction in aphid density in fungus‐treated plots compared to control and Duduthrin®‐treated plots. However, in the dry season six weeks after applying the treatments, oil formulation spray resulted low aphid density compared to control and Duduthrin®‐treated plots. ICIPE 62 formulations did not negatively affect the natural enemies’ population. Leaf yield from the various treatments did not differ significantly in the wet season, but the two fungal formulations recorded higher yields in dry season compared to other treatments. Grain yields in wet and dry seasons were lower in control and Duduthrin®‐treated plots compared to both ICIPE 62 formulations. This study showed that both M. anisopliae ICIPE 62 formulations are effective in suppressing A. craccivora population under field conditions without adverse effects on its beneficial insects. The study also revealed that efficacy of fungal‐based biopesticides is highly dependent on environmental conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of aqueous and oil formulations of a specific Metarhizium anisopliae isolate against Aphis craccivora Koch, 1854 (Hemiptera: Aphididae) under field conditions

Mweke

Akutse

Ulrichs

et al. 2019

J Applied Entomology

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“…Effector-based mechanisms are hypothesized to underlie the severe damage that cowpea aphid in icts on its host; feeding by cowpea aphids induce dramatic symptoms, including chlorosis, stunted growth and pseudogalling -a type of leaf rolling reminiscent of the gall structures induced by certain arthropods and fungi (Jackai and Daoust 1986;Goggin et al 2017;Omoigui et al 2017). Although not formally characterized as such, the damage phenotype induced by cowpea aphid resembles that induced by "phytotoxic" aphid species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cowpea Aphid Resistance In Cowpea Line CB77 Functions Primarily Through Antibiosis And Eliminates Phytotoxic Symptoms of Aphid Feeding

MacWilliams

Chesnais

Nabity

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) is one of the most important crops in semiarid areas of the world, where it thrives in hot, dry conditions. While cowpea is able to withstand abiotic stresses, it suffers serious losses from biotic antagonists, including infestation by the cowpea aphid (Aphis craccivora). Cowpea aphid infestations are highly destructive, especially on young plants. However, it is unclear whether cowpea aphid damage is the result of aphids having phytotoxic effects on their hosts, or simple density effects. To better understand cowpea aphid damage and the potential for resistance traits to mitigate aphid impacts, we evaluated phenotypic changes in cowpea in response to variable aphid densities and systemic versus local infestations. Low aphid densities induced leaf distortions and pseudogalling, suggesting that cowpea aphids are phytotoxic to cowpea. Resistance to the cowpea aphid has been previously identified in an African cowpea germplasm, and near isogenic lines (NILs) containing resistance quantitative trait loci (QTL) were generated in the California blackeye cultivar background. Using a series of performance assays, we determined that resistance conferred by the two QTL counteracts aphid phytotoxicity and severely limits aphid growth and fecundity. Using choice assays, a preference by cowpea aphids for the susceptible NIL was observed. Electrical penetration graph analysis revealed that the resistance phenotype includes weak surface level deterrence and strong phloem based resistance that manifests during the sap ingestion phase. Our study provides evidence of phytotoxic traits in A. craccivora while identifying a viable means of counteracting aphid damage and reproductive potential through resistance.

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“…For strengthening gene pool one way is to collect material from geographically diverse origins from proposed centers of diversity in case of individual samples. Authentic samples from the complete geographical range of the crop species can help maintaining conservation of co-adapted genes [13][14][15]. Cowpea is an important summer pulse crop and widely cultivated under rainfed areas.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracking agronomic diversity in land races of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walpers] collected from Pakistan

Iqbal

Ghafoor²,

Saddiqi

2017

PAB

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Seventy one accessions of Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walpers belonging to 31 districts of three provinces across Pakistan were characterized. High variation was recorded in plant height, branches per plant, pods per plant, grain yield, biomass and harvest index. It has been derived from current studies that migration of germplasm or seeds were observed across various areas that might be due to frequent exchange of grains, between different markets and transportation without any provincial laws implementations. High phenotypic diversity indicates the potential land races collected from farmer's field might be utilized for crop improvement programs viz., 27028, 27029, 27038, 27040, 27042, 27047, 27083 and 27097. Phenotypic diversity analyzed within each district indicated the possibility of migration of landraces at one hand and on the other hand variation appears attributable to different districts without influence that how frequently area was explored. Intra and inter-specific variances deviated from central tendency depicted on the map of Pakistan shall be proved beneficial for future germplasm collectors to devise strategy for collecting genes of interest. New expeditions may be conducted in the main cowpea growing areas with focusing geographically and ecologically distinct areas, rather than fields closer to motorable roads.

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New sources of aphids [Aphis craccivora (Koch)] resistance in cowpea germplasm using phenotypic and molecular marker approaches

Cited by 29 publications

References 19 publications

Efficacy of aqueous and oil formulations of a specific Metarhizium anisopliae isolate against Aphis craccivora Koch, 1854 (Hemiptera: Aphididae) under field conditions

Efficacy of aqueous and oil formulations of a specific Metarhizium anisopliae isolate against Aphis craccivora Koch, 1854 (Hemiptera: Aphididae) under field conditions

Cowpea Aphid Resistance In Cowpea Line CB77 Functions Primarily Through Antibiosis And Eliminates Phytotoxic Symptoms of Aphid Feeding

Tracking agronomic diversity in land races of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walpers] collected from Pakistan

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