New Saffold Cardioviruses in 3 Children, Canada

Abed, Yacine; Boivin, Guy

doi:10.3201/eid1405.071675

Cited by 76 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…SAFV has been detected in stool and respiratory-secretion samples from children with gastroenteritis (Chiu et al, 2008; (Abed & Boivin, 2008;Chiu et al, 2008) and non-polio acute flaccid paralysis , as well as in asymptomatic individuals Chiu et al, 2008;Xu et al, 2009;Zoll et al, 2009). In several cases, SAFV has been detected in addition to other viruses known to cause gastroenteritis, thus hindering interpretation regarding SAFV infection and observed pathology (Chiu et al, 2008;Drexler et al, 2008;Ren et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since its initial discovery in 2007 from a stool sample collected in 1981 in California, USA (Jones et al, 2007), SAFV has been detected in stool and respiratory samples from patients in Europe, North and South America and Asia (Abed & Boivin, 2008;Blinkova et al, 2009;Chiu et al, 2008;Drexler et al, 2008;Liang et al, 2008;Ren et al, 2009;Xu et al, 2009;Zoll et al, 2009). Currently, there are eight SAFV genotypes based on variants of the VP1 protein (SAFV-1-8), which is a determinant of viral tropism and antibody-neutralization sensitivity .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, viruses do not have ubiquitously conserved genetic elements such as ribosomal RNA that can be used to amplify and identify all viruses and, thus, there is no universal PCR assay that can target all viruses in a sample (Rohwer & Edwards, 2002). As novel viruses are discovered frequently, there is a need to constantly update PCR assays (Abed & Boivin, 2008;Allander et al, 2005;van der Hoek et al, 2004). In view of the limitations of methods that target specific viruses, new approaches are required for the identification of novel or 'unsuspected' viruses in publichealth monitoring schemes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metagenomic sequencing for virus identification in a public-health setting

Svraka

Rosario

Duizer

et al. 2010

Journal of General Virology

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The use of metagenomics for virus discovery in clinical samples has opened new opportunities for understanding the aetiology of unexplained illness. This study explores the potential of this sequence-independent approach in a public-health setting, by systematic analysis of samples cultured from patients with unexplained illness through a combination of PCR-based assays and viral metagenomics. In total, 1834 cell-culture isolates were collected between 1994 and 2007 through the Enterovirus Surveillance programme in the Netherlands. During the 13 year period, seven samples that exhibited reproducible cytopathogenic effects in cell culture tested negative in standard PCR assays for a range of viruses. In order to fill the diagnostic gap, viral metagenomics was applied to these culture supernatants, resulting in the rapid identification of viruses in all of the samples. The unexplained samples contained BK polyomavirus, herpes simplex virus, Newcastle disease virus and the recently discovered Saffold viruses (SAFV) (which dominated the unexplained samples; n54). The full genomic sequences of four SAFV genotype 3 (SAFV-3) viruses, which share 88-93 % nucleotide identity with known SAFV-3 viruses, are reported. Further screening for SAFV in additional cultured, unidentified clinical isolates from 2008 and 2009 resulted in identification of another SAFV-positive sample. Although the pathogenicity of the identified viruses has not been established, this study demonstrates that viral metagenomics is a powerful tool that can be integrated into public-health monitoring efforts to investigate unidentified viruses in cell cultures from clinical isolates where standard PCR assays fail to detect viruses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metagenomic sequencing for virus identification in a public-health setting

Svraka

Rosario

Duizer

et al. 2010

Journal of General Virology

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“…reports of SAFV (TMEV species) in human faeces and respiratory specimens (Abed & Boivin, 2008;Drexler et al, 2008Drexler et al, , 2011Jones et al, 2007;Nielsen et al, 2012;Zoll et al, 2009), almost all cardiovirus testing is for animal specimens in the context of EMCV epizootics (Maurice et al, 2005). Recent studies have reported EMCV infection in two human cases from Peru (Oberste et al, 2009) and 21 % EMCV seroprevalence among persons sampled in the same area of Peru (Czechowicz et al, 2011).…”

Section: (A) the Radial Tree Shows The Distribution Of Ev Species (Evmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2b), was the overall third most common virus found among study subjects. SAFV2, detected in North and South America, Europe and Asia, has been the most commonly identified genotype to date (Abed & Boivin, 2008;Blinkova et al, 2009;Chiu et al, 2008;Drexler et al, 2008;Itagaki et al, 2010;Zoll et al, 2009). SAFV2 has been associated with respiratory disease (Abed & Boivin, 2008;Chiu et al, 2008) and with invasive disease, including two fatalities (Drexler et al, 2011;Nielsen et al, 2012).…”

Section: (A) the Radial Tree Shows The Distribution Of Ev Species (Evmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of picornaviruses in rural Bolivia

Nix

Khetsuriani

Peñaranda

et al. 2013

Journal of General Virology

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The family Picornaviridae is a large and diverse group of viruses that infect humans and animals. Picornaviruses are among the most common infections of humans and cause a wide spectrum of acute human disease. This study began as an investigation of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) in a small area of eastern Bolivia, where surveillance had identified a persistently high AFP rate in children. Stools were collected and diagnostic studies ruled out poliovirus. We tested stool specimens from 51 AFP cases and 34 healthy household or community contacts collected during 2002–2003 using real-time and semi-nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays for enterovirus, parechovirus, cardiovirus, kobuvirus, salivirus and cosavirus. Anecdotal reports suggested a temporal association with neurological disease in domestic pigs, so six porcine stools were also collected and tested with the same set of assays, with the addition of an assay for porcine teschovirus. A total of 126 picornaviruses were detected in 73 of 85 human individuals, consisting of 53 different picornavirus types encompassing five genera (all except Kobuvirus). All six porcine stools contained porcine and/or human picornaviruses. No single virus, or combination of viruses, specifically correlated with AFP; however, the study revealed a surprising complexity of enteric picornaviruses in a single community.

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Isolation of saffold virus type 2 in green monkey kidney cells

Blomqvist

Lappalainen

Paananen

et al. 2012

Journal of Medical Virology

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Saffold viruses (SAFV) have been discovered recently and they are classified into Theilovirus species in genus Cardiovirus in the Picornaviridae family. SAFV, especially those belonging to the genotype 2, have been difficult to propagate in laboratory cell lines. This study describes the successful isolation of an efficiently growing SAFV-2 strain directly from a stool specimen by standard virological methods. The availability of SAFV isolates that can be propagated to high titers is crucial to the future studies on pathogenesis and epidemiology of these novel human viruses.

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New Saffold Cardioviruses in 3 Children, Canada

Cited by 76 publications

References 12 publications

Metagenomic sequencing for virus identification in a public-health setting

Metagenomic sequencing for virus identification in a public-health setting

Diversity of picornaviruses in rural Bolivia

Isolation of saffold virus type 2 in green monkey kidney cells

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