New Research Paradigm for Applied Experimental Psychology: a System Approach.  Revision.

Simon, Charles W.

doi:10.21236/ada056984

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…With this paradigm the total data collection process for deriving equations for all critical variables affecting the system under investigation would be less than that used for a 4 or 5 factor experiment using traditional means. This paradigm was described in five phases (Simon, 1977b):…”

Section: Gradient Based Optimization Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Compass Paradigm for the Systematic Evaluation of U.S. Army Command and Control Systems Using Neural Network and Discrete Event Computer Simulation

Middlebrooks¹,

Jones²,

Henry³

2005

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(ABSTRACT)In today's technology based society the rapid proliferation of new machines and systems that would have been undreamed of only a few short years ago has become a way of life. Developments and advances especially in the areas of digital electronics and micro-circuitry have spawned subsequent technology based improvements in transportation, communications, entertainment, automation, the armed forces, and many other areas that would not have been possible otherwise. This rapid "explosion" of new capabilities and ways of performing tasks has been motivated as often as not by the philosophy that if it is possible to make something better or work faster or be more cost effective or operate over greater distances then it must inherently be good for the human operator. Taken further, these improvements typically are envisioned to consequently produce a more efficient operating system where the human operator is an integral component. The formal concept of human-system interface design has only emerged this century as a recognized academic discipline, however, the practice of developing ideas and concepts for systems containing human operators has been in existence since humans started experiencing cognitive thought.An example of a human system interface technology for communication and dissemination of written information that has evolved over centuries of trial and error development, is the book. It is no accident that the form and shape of the book of today is as it is. This is because it is a shape and form readily usable by human physiology whose optimal configuration was determined by centuries of effort and revision. This slow evolution was mirrored by a rate of technical evolution in printing and elsewhere that allowed new advances to be experimented with as part of the overall use requirement and need for the existence of the printed word and some way to contain it. Today, however, technology is advancing at such a rapid rate that evolutionary use requirements have no chance to develop along side the fast pace of technical progress. One result of this recognition is the establishment of disciplines like human factors engineering that have stated purposes and goals of systematic determination of good and bad human system interface designs. However, other results of this phenomenon are systems that get developed and placed into public use simply because new technology allowed them to be made. This development can proceed without a full appreciation of how the system might be used and, perhaps even more significantly, what impact the use of this new system might have on the operator within it.The U.S. Army has a term for this type of activity. It is called "stove-piped development." The implication of this term is that a system gets developed in isolation where the developers are only looking "up" and not "around." They are thus concerned only with how this system may work or be used for its own singular purposes as opposed to how it might be used in the larger community of existing systems and interfaces...

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Section: Gradient Based Optimization Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Compass Paradigm for the Systematic Evaluation of U.S. Army Command and Control Systems Using Neural Network and Discrete Event Computer Simulation

Middlebrooks¹,

Jones²,

Henry³

2005

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“…In the light of this confusion surrounding the use and misuse of the test of statistical significance, its role as an "automatic decision maker" for those who wish to escape their responsibility as data interpreters is not justified. In practice, the investigator can perform a number of analyses that will supply the information he needs to decide whether an effect is likely to exist or not (Simon, 1977a;1977b).…”

Section: Factmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Daniel (1960) proposes a pre-experiment analysis of the variables --an operation that is already a part of Phase I of the "new paradigm" (Simon, 1977b) when economical multifactor designs are used with single criterion --"to summarize the experimenter's knowledge and feelings about the effects of each of K factors on each of r Responses." He writes (p. 268):…”

Section: = Abcmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the series of reports by Simon (1970Simon ( -1979 on a new paradigm for psychological research, the holistic approach to systematic experimentation is proposed and the strategies and techniques for accomplishing this are described. While the basic tools required to employ the "new paradigm" (Simon, 1977b) in the VTRS program are available, there are still techniques that need to be understood in detail to supplement the use of those described in the original documents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Applications of Advanced Experimental Methods to Visual Technology Research Simulator Studies: Supplemental Techniques.

Simon¹

1981

Self Cite

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“…These represented all of the simulator desiqn issues of interest that could be investigated under the current capabilities of the VTRS. In keeping with the screening intent of the experi~en: (Simon, 1977(Simon, : 1979, these factors were tested at two levels each, representing high-and low-fidelity/cost options. To enhance the generalizability of results, the factors were tested across two levels of seastate/turbulence and pilot experience.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulator Design Features for Helicopter Landing on Small Ships

Westra¹,

Lintern²

1984

Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting

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The Visual Technology Research Simulator (VTRS) at the Naval Training Equipment Center was used to study the effects of six simulator features on performance for helicopter landings on small ships. The purpose of the experiment was to obtain information relevant to the design of simulators used for skill maintenance and transition training, and to obtain information for making decisions about future transfer-of-training studies. The six simulator equipment factors were ship detail (high-detail deck and hangar markings versus no deck and hangar markings), field of view (VTRS-wide versus reduced SH-60B operational flight trainer field of view), system visual lag (217 msec versus 117 msec), g-seat rate cuing (off versus on), g-seat vibration cuing (off versus on), and collective sound cuing (off versus on). These factors were tested across two levels of seastate and pilot exper-· ience. Pilots who participated in the experiment were experienced Navy H-3 rotary wing pilots. Results indicated large effects of ship detail, moderate effects for visual lag, small effects for field of view, and no meaningful effects for the g-seat factors and collective sound. INTRODUCTI ONRecent years have seen a marked expansion of the role of helicopters in the US Navy and, in particular, the requirements for operations from small ships has expanded significantly. Helicopters now participate in the roles of surveillance, communications, resupply, and attack. Many Navy vessels, both large and small, support helicopters and, except for carriers, have a helipad constructed for that purpose. While aircraft operations at sea generallY pose additional hazards over those of land-based operations, the problems are accentuated on small ships because of the confined landing area and because of instability of the deck. This report describes an experiment that initiates research at the Naval Training Equipment Center's Visual Technology Research Simulator (VTRS) into simulator design and use in teaching essential flight control skills for helicopter operations from small ships.The simulation at the VTRS facility supporting rotary wing aircraft vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) training research includes an SH-60B cockpit with displays and controls that are important for flight control and guidance. These displays and controls function in real time and closely simulate those of the aircraft, at least within the flight regime of the approach and landing. The cockpit is mounted on a fixed base in a 34-foot (10.4m) diameter dome. It has a pneumatic g-seat, with buttock, thigh, and back cushions that simulate tactile pressures experienced in flight. Twin 1025-line color projections are used to provide a 160-degree (H) by 70-degree (V) computer-generated image of the outside visual scene. The field of view is 40 degrees to the left, 120 degrees to the right, 20 degrees above, and 50 degrees below the forward line of sight. 1018 Past and on-going research at VTRS on simulator design issues for critical flight tasks involves a three-phase approach. ...

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New Research Paradigm for Applied Experimental Psychology: a System Approach. Revision.

Cited by 4 publications

References 25 publications

The Compass Paradigm for the Systematic Evaluation of U.S. Army Command and Control Systems Using Neural Network and Discrete Event Computer Simulation

The Compass Paradigm for the Systematic Evaluation of U.S. Army Command and Control Systems Using Neural Network and Discrete Event Computer Simulation

Applications of Advanced Experimental Methods to Visual Technology Research Simulator Studies: Supplemental Techniques.

Simulator Design Features for Helicopter Landing on Small Ships

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