New Records of Ergot of Sorghum Caused by<i>Sphacelia sorghi</i>in Southern Africa

Milliano, W. A. J. de; Nogueira, M. F.; Pomela, L. M.; Msiska, F. S.; Kunene, Sita Sanele; Matalaote, B.; Mbwaga, A. M.; Kaula, G.; Mtisi, E.

doi:10.1094/pd-75-0215e

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In Africa, the disease was recognized first in Kenya in 1924. It is now widely distributed in eastern, western, and southern Africa (11,12) (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Expanding Geographical Distribution and Its Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ergot: A New Disease Threat to Sorghum in the Americas and Australia

Bandyopadhyay

Frederickson

McLaren³

et al. 1998

Plant Disease

137

135

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ergot: A New Disease Threat to Sorghum in the Americas and Australia orghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, is the world's fifth most important cereal crop, cultivated on about 45 million hectares for food, feed, beverage, and fodder. The most significant technological change since the 1960s has been the development and use of F 1 hybrid seed ( 14), which has lead to a dramatic improvement in the crop's productivity. Sorghum cultivation in intensive, commercialized systems where yields average 3 to 5 t ha -1 relies almost totally on hybrid seed. In contrast, yields vary widely and average less than 1 t ha -1 in low-input production systems.Ergot is a serious disease that affects the production of F 1 hybrid seed. Ergot is particularly severe in male-sterile lines (Alines) when either nonsynchronous flowering of A-line and restorer lines (R-lines) or adverse environmental conditions result in a lack of viable pollen and delayed seed set. In India, losses of 10 to 80% have been reported in hybrid seed production fields. Similarly, ergot epiphytotics in Zimbabwe result in regular annual losses of 12 to 25% and occasionally in total losses.

show abstract

“…In Africa, the disease was recognized first in Kenya in 1924. It is now widely distributed in eastern, western, and southern Africa (11,12) (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Expanding Geographical Distribution and Its Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ergot: A New Disease Threat to Sorghum in the Americas and Australia

Bandyopadhyay

Frederickson

McLaren³

et al. 1998

Plant Disease

137

135

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Introduction of F 1 hybrid seed technology is linked to the enhanced importance and wider distribution of ergot in Africa and Asia (3,8,11). After being restricted to Asia and Africa for nearly 80 years, sorghum ergot was detected in Brazil in mid-1995 and identified as C. africana (26).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Relations Among Sorghum Ergot Isolates from the Americas, Africa, India, and Australia

et al. 2000

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sorghum ergot, initially restricted to Asia and Africa, was recently found in the Americas and Australia. Three species causing the disease have been reported: Claviceps sorghi in India, C. sorghicola in Japan, and C. africana in all ergot-positive countries. The objective of our study was to study the intraspecific variation in C. africana isolates in the Americas, Africa, India, and Australia. We confirmed C. africana, C. sorghi, and C. sorghicola as different species using differences in nucleotide sequences of internal transcribed spacer 1 and 5.8S rDNA regions. Sequences of this region obtained from the representative American, Indian, and Australian isolates of C. africana were identical. In addition, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) banding patterns of sorghum ergot pathogen isolates from the United States, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Bolivia, Australia, and India were evaluated with nearly 100 primers. A total of 65 primers gave identical patterns for all isolates, which confirmed that all were C. africana. The identity of RAPD pattern and rDNA sequence of Indian isolates with those of C. africana confirmed that the species is now present in India. Only 20 primers gave small pattern differences and 7 of them were used for routine testing. All of the American isolates were identical and three isolates of the same type were also found in South Africa, suggesting Africa as the origin of the invasion clone in the Americas. Australian and Indian isolates were distinguishable by a single band difference; therefore, migration from the Asian region to Australia is suspected. Another distinct group was found in Africa. Cluster analysis of the informative bands revealed that the American and African group are on the same moderately (69%) supported clade. Isolates from Australia and India belonged to another clade.

show abstract

“…Futrell & Webster (1966) recorded the high incidence of ergot in MS breeding lines in Nigeria during 1963–65, and predicted an increase in ergot disease incidence with the more widespread use of MS materials. In the 1980s epiphytotics of sorghum ergot disease across the Southern African region were associated with the expansion of regional F 1 hybrid seed production programmes (de Milliano et al ., 1991). The means by which C. africana invaded Brazil in 1995 and Australia in 1996 has not been unequivocally established, but the subsequent rapid infection rate and heavy seed losses were facilitated in both cases by cool, humid weather at flowering (Bandyopadhyay et al ., 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity of Claviceps africana on sorghum and Hyparrhenia

Pažoutová

2005

Plant Pathology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

RAPD markers were used to survey genetic variability among 140 isolates of Claviceps africana collected from Southern Africa, India, Thailand, Australia and the Americas in 1992-2002. Amplified fragment length polymorphisms were determined for a subset of the isolates. Both markers gave similar results in phenetic analysis of genetic distances between haplotypes of different geographical origin. In the Americas, a single RAPD haplotype was found throughout the various countries. The Eastern lineage consisted of two close haplotypes (one from India, the other from Thailand and Australia). Among five specialized isolates of C. africana from the alternative hosts ( Hyparrhenia spp.), three haplotypes were found. Eleven private alleles distinguished the Hyparrhenia population from that on sorghum. rDNA sequences of sorghum and Hyparrhenia isolates differed in three positions. The African sorghum population of C. africana consisted of 10, mostly closely related haplotypes. Low genotypic diversity ( H E = 0·0337) and the fact that most of the variation originated from between populations ( G ST = 0·866) suggested founder effects following recent invasion. In Southern Africa, no significant differentiation was found among six populations. Therefore the data were pooled and tested for prevalence of clonal or sexual reproduction. The presence of the over-represented, widespread RAPD haplotype A; gametic disequilibrium (37% loci detected by exact tests); index of association ( I A ) significantly >0; and the high proportion of compatible loci (in the clone-corrected and total data sets found to be 94 and 99%, respectively) support the hypothesis of clonality as the predominant means of reproduction.

show abstract

New Records of Ergot of Sorghum Caused bySphacelia sorghiin Southern Africa

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Ergot: A New Disease Threat to Sorghum in the Americas and Australia

Ergot: A New Disease Threat to Sorghum in the Americas and Australia

Relations Among Sorghum Ergot Isolates from the Americas, Africa, India, and Australia

Genetic diversity of Claviceps africana on sorghum and Hyparrhenia

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About