New records of alien vascular plants from Marion and Prince Edward Islands, sub-Antarctic

Gremmen, N.J.M.; Smith, V. R.

doi:10.1007/s003000050380

Cited by 72 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Barendse & Chown (2000) argued that most alien insects on Marion Island have rapid life cycles that are likely to respond strongly to temperature, whilst indigenous species generally have a much slower life cycle and are less responsive or might succumb to higher temperatures. The change in status of several alien plants on Marion Island (Gremmen & Smith, 1999) might also be a consequence of climate change. Increases in vegetative or sexual reproduction may lead to natural colonization of nearby, currently pristine sites, as has happened at the infrequently visited Prince Edward Islands (Gremmen & Smith, 1999).…”

Section: Implications Of Climate Change (1 ) Climate Trendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The change in status of several alien plants on Marion Island (Gremmen & Smith, 1999) might also be a consequence of climate change. Increases in vegetative or sexual reproduction may lead to natural colonization of nearby, currently pristine sites, as has happened at the infrequently visited Prince Edward Islands (Gremmen & Smith, 1999). Second, indigenous species may also respond rapidly.…”

Section: Implications Of Climate Change (1 ) Climate Trendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biological invasions in the Antarctic: extent, impacts and implications

Frénot

Chown

Whinam³

et al. 2005

Biol. Rev.

606

822

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Alien microbes, fungi, plants and animals occur on most of the sub-Antarctic islands and some parts of the Antarctic continent. These have arrived over approximately the last two centuries, coincident with human activity in the region. Introduction routes have varied, but are largely associated with movement of people and cargo in connection with industrial, national scientific program and tourist operations. The large majority of aliens are European in origin. They have both direct and indirect impacts on the functioning of speciespoor Antarctic ecosystems, in particular including substantial loss of local biodiversity and changes to ecosystem processes. With rapid climate change occurring in some parts of Antarctica, elevated numbers of introductions and enhanced success of colonization by aliens are likely, with consequent increases in impacts on ecosystems. Mitigation measures that will substantially reduce the risk of introductions to Antarctica and the sub-Antarctic must focus on reducing propagule loads on humans, and their food, cargo, and transport vessels.

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Section: Implications Of Climate Change (1 ) Climate Trendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Implications Of Climate Change (1 ) Climate Trendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological invasions in the Antarctic: extent, impacts and implications

Frénot

Chown

Whinam³

et al. 2005

Biol. Rev.

606

822

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, modern logistics operations are facilitating rapid discharge to the field (via fixed-wing aircraft in Antarctica and helicopters in Antarctica and on the surrounding islands). In consequence, logistics operations could facilitate the rapid range expansion and jump dispersal of newly established aliens Smith 1990, Gremmen andSmith 1999). Moreover, the presence of endemics such as Acaena magellanica in samples indicates that expeditioners also transport native species.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breaching the dispersal barrier to invasion: quantification and management

Lee¹,

Chown

2009

Ecological Applications

110

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Abstract. Globalization has resulted in unprecedented movements of people, goods, and alien species across the planet. Although the impacts of biological invasions are widely appreciated, a bias exists in research effort to post-dispersal processes because of the difficulties of measuring propagule pressure. The Antarctic provides an ideal model system in which to investigate propagule movements because of the region's isolation and small number of entry routes. Here we investigated the logistics operations of the South African National Antarctic Programme (SANAP) and quantified the initial dispersal of alien species into the region. We found that over 1400 seeds from 99 taxa are transported into the Antarctic each field season in association with SANAP passenger luggage and cargo. The first ever assessment of propagule drop-off indicated that 30-50% of these propagules will enter the recipient environment. Many of the taxa include cosmopolitan weeds and known aliens in the Antarctic, indicating that logistics operations form part of a globally self-perpetuating cycle moving alien species between areas of human disturbance. In addition, propagules of some taxa native to the Antarctic region were also found, suggesting that human movements may be facilitating intra-regional homogenization. Several relatively simple changes in biosecurity policy that could significantly reduce the threat of introduction of nonnative species are suggested.

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“…The species has been reported from all major sub-Antarctic island groups and is invasive on many of them (e.g., Gremmen and Smith 1999;Frenot et al 2001Frenot et al , 2005Williams et al 2013). In maritime Antarctic the species has been observed on King George Island (Olech 1996), Deception Island (Skottsberg 1954;Longton 1966) and at couple of locations at Antarctic Peninsula (Molina-Montenegro et al 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First step to eradication of Poa annua L. from Point Thomas Oasis (King George Island, South Shetlands, Antarctica)

et al. 2016

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Poa annua, an alien species reported from the Antarctic continent and many Antarctic and sub-Antarctic islands, was accidentally introduced in the vicinity of the Polish Antarctic Station H. Arctowski. Recently the species has been found entering native plant communities. In almost 30 years it dispersed over 250 m from the site it was first observed and can therefore be considered invasive. We report the first steps to eradicate the species following the initial research to quantify the biology, ecology and genetics of the species. After detailed mapping of all 1439 tussocks located in the Arctowski Station area we removed 314 tussocks closest to a moss carpet formation (native plant community of high conservation value). All of the 49 tussocks growing in the Ecology Glacier forefield were removed. It is the biggest alien plant eradication act conducted so far in Antarctica. We plan to continue the eradication process and monitor the eradicated sites. This will provide valuable information on impacts and issues related to removal of alien species in the maritime Antarctic and will help in informing future decisions on management of other plant invasions in the region. Given the increasing human traffic to the Antarctic and the associated risks of invasion our results will be important not only for Arctowski but also for the whole Antarctic region.

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New records of alien vascular plants from Marion and Prince Edward Islands, sub-Antarctic

Cited by 72 publications

References 10 publications

Biological invasions in the Antarctic: extent, impacts and implications

Biological invasions in the Antarctic: extent, impacts and implications

Breaching the dispersal barrier to invasion: quantification and management

First step to eradication of Poa annua L. from Point Thomas Oasis (King George Island, South Shetlands, Antarctica)

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