New records in aerobic power among octogenarian lifelong endurance athletes

Trappe, Scott; Hayes, Erik; Galpin, Andrew J.; Kaminsky, Leonard A.; Jemioło, Bożena; Fink, W. J.; Trappe, Todd A.; Jansson, Anna; Gustafsson, Thomas; Tesch, Per A.

doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01107.2012

Cited by 81 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…2). Although HR max has been documented to be higher in master athletes compared to agematched untrained controls (Trappe et al 2013), a lower HR max with age seems to be inevitable and has previously been suggested to be a significant factor likely, somewhat, responsible for the fall in VO 2max (Heath et al 1981). In the current study the pre-training data were in agreement with the expected decline in HR max with age and a subsequent increase in SV max , resulting in an unchanged Q max .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previously, it has been documented that old subjects can both maintain a high VO 2max and achieve significant improvements in aerobic capacity with endurance training (Grimsmo et al 2010;Hagberg et al 1985;Murias et al 2010;Osteras et al 2005;Tanaka and Seals 2008;Trappe et al 2013). However, attempts to examine the effect of age on the plasticity of VO 2max have been clouded by anomalies either in study design or analyses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although this decline in aerobic capacity with increasing age is often considered to be inevitable, it seems that this fall can be decelerated, maintained, or even reversed in the elderly by maintaining a high level of physical activity (Faulkner et al 2008;Fujimoto et al 2010;Grimsmo et al 2010;Heath et al 1981;McGuire et al 2001b;Murias et al 2010;Osteras et al 2005;Posner et al 1986;Rogers et al 1990;Trappe et al 2013;Trappe et al 1996). Indeed, marathon running times of approximately 2.5 h or less, documented in males older than 60 years of age, reveal that a VO 2max of ∼70 mL min kg −1 (Helgerud 1994;Tokmakidis et al 1987), a high value exhibited by young endurance athletes at the peak of their careers, is still feasible with increasing age.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exercise-training-induced changes in metabolic capacity with age: the role of central cardiovascular plasticity

Wang

Næss

Hoff

et al. 2013

AGE

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Although aging is typically associated with a decline in maximal oxygen consumption (VO 2max ), young and old subjects, of similar initial muscle metabolic capacity, increased quadriceps VO 2max equally when this small muscle mass was trained in isolation. As it is unclear if this preserved exercise-induced plasticity with age is still evident with centrally challenging whole body exercise, we assessed maximal exercise responses in 13 young (24±2 years) and 13 old (60± 3 years) males, matched for cycling VO 2max (3.82±0.66 and 3.69±0.30 L min −1 , respectively), both before and after 8 weeks of high aerobic intensity cycle exercise training. As a consequence of the training both young and old significantly improved VO 2max (13±6 vs. 6± 7 %) and maximal power output (20±6 vs. 10±6 %, respectively) from baseline, however, the young exhibited a significantly larger increase than the old. Similarly, independently assessed maximal cardiac output (Q max ) tended to increase more in the young (16 ±14 %) than in the old (11±12 %), with no change in a-vO 2 difference in either group. Further examination of the components of Q max provided additional evidence of reduced exercise-induced plasticity in both maximal heart rate (young −3 %, old 0 %) and stroke volume (young 19± 15, old 11± 11 %) in the old. In combination, these findings imply that limited central cardiovascular plasticity may be responsible, at least in part, for the attenuated response to whole body exercise training with increasing age.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exercise-training-induced changes in metabolic capacity with age: the role of central cardiovascular plasticity

Wang

Næss

Hoff

et al. 2013

AGE

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“…E2). Two studies showing positive effect estimates for COPD were selective in their study design; in the case of the EX-ATHLETES study, the positive effect of lifetime physical exercise on biological age may have played a role [3,27,46,47].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Telomere length in circulating leukocytes is associated with lung function and disease

Albrecht¹,

Sillanpää²,

Karrasch³

et al. 2013

European Respiratory Journal

108

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Several clinical studies suggest the involvement of premature ageing processes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Using an epidemiological approach, we studied whether accelerated ageing indicated by telomere length, a marker of biological age, is associated with COPD and asthma, and whether intrinsic age-related processes contribute to the interindividual variability of lung function.Our meta-analysis of 14 studies included 934 COPD cases with 15 846 controls defined according to the Global Lungs Initiative (GLI) criteria (or 1189 COPD cases according to the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) criteria), 2834 asthma cases with 28 195 controls, and spirometric parameters (forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV1/FVC) of 12 595 individuals. Associations with telomere length were tested by linear regression, adjusting for age, sex and smoking status.We observed negative associations between telomere length and asthma (b5 -0.0452, p50.024) as well as COPD (b5 -0.0982, p50.001), with associations being stronger and more significant when using GLI criteria than those of GOLD. In both diseases, effects were stronger in females than males. The investigation of spirometric indices showed positive associations between telomere length and FEV1 (p51.07610 -7 ), FVC (p52.07610 -5 ), and FEV1/FVC (p55.27610 -3 ). The effect was somewhat weaker in apparently healthy subjects than in COPD or asthma patients.Our results provide indirect evidence for the hypothesis that cellular senescence may contribute to the pathogenesis of COPD and asthma, and that lung function may reflect biological ageing primarily due to intrinsic processes, which are likely to be aggravated in lung diseases. @ERSpublicationsTelomere length is decreased in asthma and COPD patients and positively associated with spirometric indices

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“…Nevertheless, even if recreational masters athletes had relatively short training histories and little experience in triathlon, these successful athletes probably have lifelong histories of physical activity. [110,111,112,113] …”

Section: Improvements In Triathlon Performance Of Elderly Triathletesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in Triathlon Performance: Effects of Sex and Age

2013

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The influences of sex and age upon endurance performance have previously been documented for both running and swimming. A number of recent studies have investigated how sex and age influence triathlon performance, a sport that combines three disciplines (swimming, cycling and running), with competitions commonly lasting between two (Short distance : 1.5 km swim, 40 km cycle and 10 km run) and eight hours (Ironman distance: 3.8 km swim, 180 km cycle and 42 km run) for elite triathletes. Age and sex influences upon performance have also been investigated for ultra-triathlons with distances corresponding to several Ironman distances and lasting several days, and for off-road triathlons combining swimming, mountain biking and trail running. Triathlon represents an intriguing alternative model for analyzing the effects of age and sex upon endurance and ultra-endurance (> 6 hours) performance because sex differences and age-related declines in performance can be analyzed in the same persons across the three separate disciplines. The relative participation of both females and masters athletes (age > 40 years old) in triathlon has increased consistently over the past 25 years. Sex differences in triathlon performance are also known to differ between the modes of locomotion adopted (swimming, cycling or running) for both elite and non-elite triathletes.Generally, time differences between sexes in swimming have been shown to be smaller on average than during cycling and running. Both physiological and morphological factors contribute to explaining these findings. Performance density (i.e. the time difference between the winner and 10 th placed competitor) has progressively improved (time differences have decreased) for international races over the past two decades for both males and females, with performance density now very similar for both sexes. For age-group triathletes, sex differences in total triathlon performance time increases with age. The possible difference in age-related changes in the physiological determinants of endurance and ultra-endurance performances between males and females needs further investigation however. Non-

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New records in aerobic power among octogenarian lifelong endurance athletes

Cited by 81 publications

References 59 publications

Exercise-training-induced changes in metabolic capacity with age: the role of central cardiovascular plasticity

Exercise-training-induced changes in metabolic capacity with age: the role of central cardiovascular plasticity

Telomere length in circulating leukocytes is associated with lung function and disease

Trends in Triathlon Performance: Effects of Sex and Age

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