New records and two new species of Xiphocentron Brauer 1870 (Trichoptera, Xiphocentronidae) from southern Atlantic Forest, Brazil

Abstract

Xiphocentron is the most species-rich genus of the pantropical family Xiphocentronidae. Among its five subgenera, Antillotrichia is the most diverse and the only one to occur in South America and Antilles. In the present study, two new species of Xiphocentron (Antillotrichia) are described from southern Atlantic Forest, Brazil. Xiphocentron gwarakeraba sp. nov. is diagnosed by the very elongate inferior appendage not bearing spines and with a simple mesal sclerite; X. muelleri sp. nov. is diagnosed by the inferior appendage with its ventral margin produced posterad and distinctly truncate. New distributional records are provided for X. acqualume, X. jaguare, X. kamakan, and X. maracanan. Additional non-genital diagnostic characters are presented for X. jaguare, and intraspecific morphological variations of forewing fork II (R3 and R4) and male genitalia are described for X. maracanan.

Three new species of Xiphocentron Brauer, 1870 (Trichoptera, Xiphocentronidae) from Mexico

“…For the description of wing venation, we followed Vilarino and Bispo (2020). For the study of the internal structure of the male genitalia, we put the entire adults or an abdomen into a small container with a solution of 10% of KOH, and then kept on a hot plate at 100 °C for 10 minutes, in order to clear the genitalia.…”

“…The Xiphocentronidae are organized in two subfamilies: Proxiphocentroninae Schmid, 1982and Xiphocentroninae Schmid, 1982(Vilarino et al 2018. The genus Xiphocentron Brauer, 1870 includes the majority of the species of the family, with 53 extant species and two subspecies widely distributed in the Neotropics (Holzenthal and Calor 2017;Vilarino and Bispo 2020) and one fossil species described from Chiapas, Mexico (Wichard et al 2006). The genus Xiphocentron is subdivided into five subgenera: Glyphocentron Schmid, 1982, Rhamphocentron Schmid, 1982, Sphagocentron Schmid, 1982, Xiphocentron Schmid,1982, and Antillotrichia Banks, 1941(Holzenthal and Calor 2017Vilarino et al 2018).…”

“…The genus Xiphocentron is subdivided into five subgenera: Glyphocentron Schmid, 1982, Rhamphocentron Schmid, 1982, Sphagocentron Schmid, 1982, Xiphocentron Schmid,1982, and Antillotrichia Banks, 1941(Holzenthal and Calor 2017Vilarino et al 2018). The greatest diversity of subgenera is found in Mesoamerica, with only Antillotrichia occurring in South America and the Antilles (Vilarino and Bispo 2020). Representatives of all the subgenera occur in Mexico, and most of the distribution records of the subgenera Rhamphocentron and Xiphocentron are from Mexico.…”

Xiphocentronidae (Trichoptera: Psychomyioidea) from the Andean foothills: first species of Machairocentron and Xiphocentron described in the Peruvian Amazon

“…urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C6F8E502-3898-44A6-968A-F302C8521F9D (Malm et al 2013;Thomas et al 2020) and are now found in small streams and waterfalls throughout the tropical zone, with a high diversity in Mesoamerica and Southeast Asia (Vilarino & Bispo 2020). Unlike most Trichoptera, adults of Xiphocentronidae are active during the day (Flint 1968;Schmid 1982) and their larvae have semi-terrestrial habits, living in serpentine silken galleries often built outside the water over moist rocks and logs, feeding on microalgae and surface debris (Sturm 1960;Muñoz-Quesada & Holzenthal 1997;Pes et al 2013).…”

The Trichoptera of Panama. XVIII. Twelve first country records of macrocaddisflies (Insecta, Trichoptera) from the Republic of Panama

“…This family is represented in the Neotropics by three genera and over 62 species (Vilarino & Bispo 2020). In Panama, all three Neotropical genera are known: (Caenocentron Schmid 1982, Machairocentron Schmid 1982, and Xiphocentron Brauer 1870, within which are distributed eight species.…”