New reassortant H5N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus from waterfowl in Southern China

Song, Yafen; Cui, Jin; Song, Ha Yong; Ye, Jiaqi; Zhao, Zhishan; Wu, Siyu; Xu, Chunyan; Jiao, Peirong; Liao, Ming

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2015.01170

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(40 reference statements)

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“…Interestingly, there have been no further reports of Group B virus in Korea since the initial report in January 2014 [ 26 ]. In China, several Group B viruses reassorted with LPAI viruses and were reported during 2013–2014 mostly from domestic ducks and wild aquatic birds [ 7 29 41 53 56 ]. Novel reassortant Group B H5N8 viruses containing 5 Eurasian LPAI segments (PB2, PB1, PA, NP, and M) were identified from wild birds found dead in Qinghai Lake, China during May 2016 [ 30 ] and at Uvs-Nuur Lake in Siberia during June 2016 [ 24 ].…”

Section: Spread Of H5n8 Hpai Clade 2344 Group B 2014–2017mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution, global spread, and pathogenicity of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5Nx clade 2.3.4.4

et al. 2017

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Novel subtypes of Asian-origin (Goose/Guangdong lineage) H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses belonging to clade 2.3.4, such as H5N2, H5N5, H5N6, and H5N8, have been identified in China since 2008 and have since evolved into four genetically distinct clade 2.3.4.4 groups (A–D). Since 2014, HPAI clade 2.3.4.4 viruses have spread rapidly via migratory wild aquatic birds and have evolved through reassortment with prevailing local low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses. Group A H5N8 viruses and its reassortant viruses caused outbreaks in wide geographic regions (Asia, Europe, and North America) during 2014–2015. Novel reassortant Group B H5N8 viruses caused outbreaks in Asia, Europe, and Africa during 2016–2017. Novel reassortant Group C H5N6 viruses caused outbreaks in Korea and Japan during the 2016–2017 winter season. Group D H5N6 viruses caused outbreaks in China and Vietnam. A wide range of avian species, including wild and domestic waterfowl, domestic poultry, and even zoo birds, seem to be permissive for infection by and/or transmission of clade 2.3.4.4 HPAI viruses. Further, compared to previous H5N1 HPAI viruses, these reassortant viruses show altered pathogenicity in birds. In this review, we discuss the evolution, global spread, and pathogenicity of H5 clade 2.3.4.4 HPAI viruses.

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Section: Spread Of H5n8 Hpai Clade 2344 Group B 2014–2017mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution, global spread, and pathogenicity of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5Nx clade 2.3.4.4

et al. 2017

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“…Two H7N9 avian influenza viruses, A/chicken/Guangdong/110/2013 (CK110) and A/chicken/Guangdong/134/2013 (CK134), were identified using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), hemagglutination tests, and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests as standard protocols. Detailed information describing these methods is available in previous publications ( 19 ). Evaluation of 50% egg infective doses (EID 50 ) was calculated using the Reed–Muench method ( 20 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

H7N9 Avian Influenza Virus Is Efficiently Transmissible and Induces an Antibody Response in Chickens

et al. 2018

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H7N9 viruses pose a threat to human health and they are no less harmful to the poultry industry than the H5N1 avian influenza viruses. However, the pathogenesis, transmissibility, and the host immune response of the H7N9 virus in chickens and mice remain unclear. In this study, we found that H7N9 viruses replicated in multiple organs of the chicken and viral shedding persisted up to 30 days postinoculation (DPI). The viruses were efficiently transmitted between chickens through direct contact. Notably, chickens infected with H7N9 had high antibody levels throughout the entire observation period and their antibody response lasted for 30 DPI. The expression levels of the pattern-recognition receptors and pro-inflammatory cytokines were found to be significantly upregulated in the brain using quantitative real-time PCR. The expression of TLR3, TLR7, MDA5, Mx, IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-α, and IFN-γ were also significantly different in the lungs of infected chickens. We found that the viruses isolated from these birds had low pathogenicity in mice, produced little weight loss and could only replicate in the lungs. Our findings suggested that the H7N9 viruses could replicate in chickens and mice and be efficiently transmitted between chickens, which presented a significant threat to human and poultry health.

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“…The collected samples were inoculated into amnionic and allantoic cavities of 9–10-day-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) embryonated chickens eggs. After incubating for 48 h at 37°C, the allantoic fluids were harvested, and the reverse-transcription polymerase-chain reaction (RT-PCR), hemagglutination test, and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test were performed to identify and subtype the positive influenza samples as described previously (Song et al, 2015 ). Finally, virus allantoic fluids were harvested and stored at −80°C before use.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Viral RNA was extracted from allantoic fluid with Trizol LS Reagent (Life Technologies, Inc.) and transcribed into cDNA with SuperScript III reverse transcriptase (Invitrogen, China). PCR was performed as described previously (Song et al, 2015 ). The products were purified with the QIAquick PCR purification kit (QIAGEN) following the manufacturer's instructions and sequencing was performed by using an ABI Prism 3730 genetic analyzer (Applied Biosystems) by Shanghai Invitrogen Biotechnology Co., Ltd.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel H1N2 Influenza Virus Related to the Classical and Human Influenza Viruses from Pigs in Southern China

Song

Wang

et al. 2016

Front. Microbiol.

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Southern China has long been considered to be an epicenter of pandemic influenza viruses. The special environment, breeding mode, and lifestyle in southern China provides more chances for wild aquatic birds, domestic poultry, pigs, and humans to be in contact. This creates the opportunity for interspecies transmission and generation of new influenza viruses. In this study, we reported a novel reassortant H1N2 influenza virus from pigs in southern China. According to the phylogenetic trees and homology of the nucleotide sequence, the virus was confirmed to be a novel triple-reassortant H1N2 virus containing genes from classical swine (PB2, PB1, HA, NP, and NS genes), triple-reassortant swine (PA and M genes), and recent human (NA gene) lineages. It indicated that the novel reassortment virus among human and swine influenza viruses occurred in pigs in southern China. The isolation of the novel reassortant H1N2 influenza viruses provides further evidence that pigs are “mixing vessels,” and swine influenza virus surveillance in southern China will provide important information about genetic evaluation and antigenic variation of swine influenza virus to formulate the prevention and control measures for the viruses.

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New reassortant H5N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus from waterfowl in Southern China

Cited by 19 publications

References 29 publications

Evolution, global spread, and pathogenicity of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5Nx clade 2.3.4.4

Evolution, global spread, and pathogenicity of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5Nx clade 2.3.4.4

H7N9 Avian Influenza Virus Is Efficiently Transmissible and Induces an Antibody Response in Chickens

A Novel H1N2 Influenza Virus Related to the Classical and Human Influenza Viruses from Pigs in Southern China

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