New rather than old? For working memory tasks with abstract patterns the P3 and the single‐trial delta response are larger for modified than identical probe stimuli

Abstract

Memory-guided decision making is dynamic and context-dependent, even though many studies describe an enhancement of the P3 for recognized items in memory tasks ("old-new effect"). This study utilized a delay-dependent working memory task during which decision making could be optimized by focusing attention on detected changes instead of recognized similarities. Mean P3 amplitude and delta activity were analyzed from participants who classified probe stimuli as identical or modified. The P3 amplitudes were larger for modified than for identical probes, even when the probe occurred 4,000 ms after the primary stimulus. Enhanced single-trial amplitude, trial-by-trial consistency, and frontoparietal phase coherence of delta activity contributed to the larger P3 for the modified probe. Thus, context-dependent attentional resource allocation supporting memory-guided decisions might explain the enhancement of the P3 for specific probe types.

Neural evidence for moral intuition and the temporal dynamics of interactions between emotional processes and moral cognition

“…The parahippocampal gyrus has dense interconnectivity with the amygdala, and plays an important role in emotional A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 22 / 41 picture perception (Sabatinelli, Keil, Frank, & Lang, 2013) and emotional memories (Kilpatrick & Cahill, 2003;Phelps, 2004). The emotional processes indexed by the LPP are considered late, memory-related processes evoking rich associations (Ergen, Yildirim, Uslu, Gurvit, & Demiralp, 2012;Mathes et al, 2012;Wright et al, 2002).…”

“…They are purported to represent slow but controlled and elaborative processes (Amodio, Bartholow, & Ito, 2014;Kok, 2001;Polich, 2007), such as evaluation and stimulus categorization, memory encoding and updating, making decisions under complex social contexts, moral evaluations, and moral reasoning (Beste et al, 2012;Chen, Qiu, Li, & Zhang, 2009;Mathes, Schmiedt, Schmiedt-Fehr, Pantelis, & Basar-Eroglu, 2012;Paynter, Reder, & Kieffaber, 2009). For example, prosocial actions, compared to antisocial actions, appear to be associated with greater LPP amplitude than antisocial actions (Yoder & Decety, 2014).…”

Theta response in schizophrenia is indifferent to perceptual illusion

“…Time-frequency analysis was conducted in an analogous manner as in a previous study of our group (Mathes, Schmiedt, Schmiedt-Fehr, Pantelis, & Basar-Eroglu, 2012). All included epochs were transformed with a single Morlet wavelet of six cycles and a centre frequency ranging between 4 and 8 Hz in steps of 0.25 Hz using the toolbox of Torrence and Compo (1998).…”

EEG delta oscillations index inhibitory control of contextual novelty to both irrelevant distracters and relevant task‐switch cues

“…Hence, the task novelty hypothesis reconciles two seemingly paradoxical findings by proposing that task‐novelty and stimulus‐novelty both activate a common network of corticosubcortical regions involved in processing contextual novelty (Barceló et al., , ). The main aim of this study was to address the task‐novelty hypothesis from a time‐frequency approach, in order to clarify which of the two aspects of the endogenous P300 component of the human event‐related potential (ERP) typically elicited in novelty oddball paradigms, either the distracter‐locked novelty P3 (nP3) or the target‐locked P3b, best corresponds with the well‐known P300‐delta response described in the literature (Basar‐Eroglu, Basar, Demiralp, & Schürmann, ; Basar‐Eroglu, Demiralp, Schurmann, & Basar, ; Demiralp, Ademoglu, Istefanopulos, Basar‐Eroglu, & Basar, ; Demiralp, Ademoglu, Schurmann, Basar‐Eroglu, & Basar, ; Mathes, Schmiedt, Schmiedt‐Fehr, Pantelis, & Basar‐Eroglu, ; Schürmann, Basar‐Eroglu, Kolev, & Basar, ; Schürmann, Basar‐Eroglu, Kolev, & Basar, ; Yordanova, Devrim, Kolev, Ademoglu, & Demiralp, ; Yordanova & Kolev, , ).…”