New Radio (NR) and its Evolution toward 5G-Advanced

Kim, Younsun; Kim, Young–Bum; Oh, Jae Eung; Ji, Hyoungju; Yeo, Junho; Choi, Sungyong; Ryu, Hyun-Seok; Noh, Hoondong; Kim, Taehyoung; Sun, Fenggang; Wang, Yi; Qi, Yong; Lee, Juho

doi:10.1109/mwc.2019.8752473

Cited by 88 publications

(40 citation statements)

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“…The upcoming 5G technology is a fundamental paradigm shift from previous generations [42,43]. In addition to handling human-oriented voice, data, and video-based applications at significantly higher performance and functionality, 5G is being defined to address M2M applications in the IoT space [44]. The key improvements in 5G in reference to 4G technology relevant to M2M oriented applications are peak data rate (20x), area traffic capacity (100x), network energy efficiency (100x), and connection density (10x).…”

Section: G and Its Relationship With Lpwanmentioning

confidence: 99%

LPWAN Technologies: Emerging Application Characteristics, Requirements, and Design Considerations

2020

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Low power wide area network (LPWAN) is a promising solution for long range and low power Internet of Things (IoT) and machine to machine (M2M) communication applications. This paper focuses on defining a systematic and powerful approach of identifying the key characteristics of such applications, translating them into explicit requirements, and then deriving the associated design considerations. LPWANs are resource-constrained networks and are primarily characterized by long battery life operation, extended coverage, high capacity, and low device and deployment costs. These characteristics translate into a key set of requirements including M2M traffic management, massive capacity, energy efficiency, low power operations, extended coverage, security, and interworking. The set of corresponding design considerations is identified in terms of two categories, desired or expected ones and enhanced ones, which reflect the wide range of characteristics associated with LPWAN-based applications. Prominent design constructs include admission and user traffic management, interference management, energy saving modes of operation, lightweight media access control (MAC) protocols, accurate location identification, security coverage techniques, and flexible software re-configurability. Topological and architectural options for interconnecting LPWAN entities are discussed. The major proprietary and standards-based LPWAN technology solutions available in the marketplace are presented. These include Sigfox, LoRaWAN, Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT), and long term evolution (LTE)-M, among others. The relevance of upcoming cellular 5G technology and its complementary relationship with LPWAN technology are also discussed.

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Section: G and Its Relationship With Lpwanmentioning

confidence: 99%

LPWAN Technologies: Emerging Application Characteristics, Requirements, and Design Considerations

2020

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“…Because 0 ≤ a ≤ 1 and c > 0, both roots are always negative. Therefore, f (M) is always positive for M ≥ K > 0, and 24 As a result, (25) is a monotonically increasing function when 0 ≤ a ≤ 2, i.e., 1 3 ≤ τ 2 ≤ 1 and (25) is a monotonically decreasing function when a > 2, i.e., 0 < τ 2 < 1 3 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, the fifth-generation (5G) wireless communication system, known as new radio (NR), has been successfully commercialized globally. With the development of 5G NR, the performance and functionality of cellular mobile communications have reached an unprecedented level [1]. Compared to the fourth-generation (4G) long-term evolution (LTE), the NR supports faster data rates, lower latency, higher reliability, and new spectrum bands for enabling a wide range of use cases, such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC), and massive machine-type communications (mMTC) [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scaling Laws of Scheduling Gain for Uplink Massive MIMO Systems: Is User Scheduling Still Beneficial for Massive MIMO?

Kim

Park

2020

Electronics

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In this paper, the scaling laws of scheduling gain and the feasibility of user scheduling for uplink massive multiple input–multiple output (MIMO) systems are investigated by analyzing the second moment of mutual information. We consider two well-known linear receivers of matched filter (MF) and zero-forcing (ZF). The exact distribution of the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) and its moment-generating function are first obtained, and the approximated variance of the mutual information for a user is derived as a closed form with a function of the number of antennas. The achievable scheduling gain under the optimal user scheduler is then derived using the Gaussianity of the sum rate. From the analyses and simulation results, it is found that the scheduling gain for the MF receiver increases with the number of base station (BS) antennas, while that for the ZF receiver decreases as the number of BS antennas increases, for most cases (except some impractical scenarios). Therefore, it is verified that user scheduling is still beneficial for the MF receiver while random user selection is sufficient for the ZF receiver in massive MIMO systems.

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“…A critical difference between NR-U and previous 3GPPbased unlicensed RATs is that NR-U does not require a licensed primary carrier for its operation [13], [55], which was mandatory in LTE-LAA [2]. In this scenario, the NR-U network is connected to 5G Core Network [13].…”

Section: ) 5g Nr-umentioning

confidence: 99%

Next Generation Wi-Fi and 5G NR-U in the 6 GHz Bands: Opportunities and Challenges

et al. 2020

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The ever-increasing demand for unlicensed spectrum has prompted regulators in the US and Europe to consider opening up the 6 GHz bands for unlicensed access. These bands will open up 1.2 GHz of additional spectrum for unlicensed radio access technologies (RATs), such as Wi-Fi and 5G New Radio Unlicensed (NR-U), in the US and if permitted, 500 MHz of additional spectrum in Europe. The abundance of spectrum in these bands creates new opportunities for the design of mechanisms and features that can support the emerging bandwidth-intensive and latency-sensitive applications. However, coexistence of unlicensed devices both with the bands' incumbent users and across different unlicensed RATs present significant challenges. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive survey of the existing literature on various issues surrounding the operations of unlicensed RATs in the 6 GHz bands. In particular, we discuss how key features in next-generation Wi-Fi are being designed to leverage these additional unlicensed bands. We also shed light on the foreseeable challenges that designers of unlicensed RATs might face in the near future. Our survey encompasses key research papers, contributions submitted to standardization bodies and regulatory agencies, and documents presented at various other venues. Finally, we highlight a few key research problems that are likely to arise due to unlicensed operations in the 6 GHz bands. Tackling these research challenges effectively will be critical in ensuring that the new unlicensed bands are efficiently utilized while guaranteeing the interference-free operation of the bands' incumbent users. INDEX TERMS 6 GHz unlicensed spectrum, IEEE 802.11ax, IEEE 802.11be, 5G NR-U. I. INTRODUCTION Wireless devices operating in unlicensed bands have become an integral part of our lives today. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in the US first opened up the 2.4-2.4835 GHz and 5.725-5.85 GHz bands for unlicensed access in 1985 [1]. Since then, several unlicensed radio access technologies (RATs)-most notably IEEE 802.11based Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and ZigBee-have been developed that can not only operate in these bands but also coexist with each other. The 2.4 GHz band, referred to as the Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band, is open for unlicensed access worldwide, while unlicensed RATs such as Wi-Fi are allowed to operate in several portions of the 5 GHz bands in most regions across the world [2]. In the US, these 5 GHz bands are referred to as the Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure (U-NII) bands. Wi-Fi is arguably the most popular unlicensed RAT that provides mobile and high-speed Internet access over wireless local area networks (WLANs). Wi-Fi devices are ubiquitous in today's home and enterprise wireless networks, with an estimated 9.5 billion devices in use [3]. Furthermore, with the growing popularity of emerging applications such as wireless augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), and mobile gaming, the demand for Wi-Fi-based high-throughput, highreliability and low-laten...

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New Radio (NR) and its Evolution toward 5G-Advanced

Cited by 88 publications

References 1 publication

LPWAN Technologies: Emerging Application Characteristics, Requirements, and Design Considerations

LPWAN Technologies: Emerging Application Characteristics, Requirements, and Design Considerations

Scaling Laws of Scheduling Gain for Uplink Massive MIMO Systems: Is User Scheduling Still Beneficial for Massive MIMO?

Next Generation Wi-Fi and 5G NR-U in the 6 GHz Bands: Opportunities and Challenges

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