New PtRu Alloy Colloids as Precursors for Fuel Cell Catalysts

Electrocatalytic reduction of oxygen: Gold and gold-platinum nanoparticle catalysts prepared by two-phase protocol

“…Currently, the energy density (~2000 Wh/kg) and operating cell voltage (0.4 V) for methanol fuel cells are much lower than the theoretical energy density (~6000 Wh/kg) and the thermodynamic potential (~1.2 V) due to poor activity of the anode catalysts and ''methanol cross-over'' to the cathode electrode (1,2), which lead to a loss of about one-third of the available energy at the cathode and another one-third at the anode. Pt-group metals are extensively studied for both anode and cathode catalysts, but a major problem is the poisoning of Pt by CO-like intermediate species (3)(4)(5). On the cathode, the kinetic limitation of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is a problem of interest in proton exchange membrane fuel cells operating at low temperature (<100°C) and in DMFCs (2,6).…”

“…More importantly, we have attempted an initial comparison of the electrocatalytic ORR activities of our carbon-supported Au and AuPt nanoparticle catalysts with commercially-available Pt/C and PtRu/C catalysts (E-tek) under the same voltammetric measurement conditions. It is important to note that our approach to the preparation of catalysts can lead to a better control over size, shape, composition or surface properties (32,36) in comparison with traditional approaches such as co-precipitation, depositionprecipitation, ion-exchange, impregnation, and successive reduction and calcination (3,4,15).…”

Electronic Modification Effects Induced by Fe in Pt-Ru-Fe Ternary Catalyst on the Electrooxidation of CO/H₂ and Methanol

“…The potential or current was controlled with a Solartron SI 1287 potentiostat/galvanostat. The fabrication of the working electrode and the electrochemical measurements of both reformate gas and methanol oxidations were performed as described in previous reports 20 . The electrodes were fabricated by ultrasonically dispersing the catalyst suspensions in high purity water for 30 min, after which a 20 μL aliquot was coated onto the surface of the glassy carbon disk electrode.…”

A Simple Preparation Route to Palladium Nanoparticles Catalyst from Decomposition of Supported [Pd(lysine.HCl)(Cl)2] Complex

“…Several literature reports are related to the development of supported metal nanoparticles on solid supports. These reports include adsorption/impregnation [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10], immobilization on surfaces functionalized with appropriate ligands [11][12][13], coprecipitation [2,14], sol-gel [2,15], vaporphase deposition of organometallic complexes [16], microemulsion [17], diffusion of preformed nanoparticles into the pores via sonication [18], and fabrication of nanoparticles via electron beam lithography [19,20]. In PdCl 2 or [Pd (NH 3 ) 4 ]…”