New psychoactive substances: catalysing a shift in forensic science practice?

Abstract

The analysis of substances of abuse remains one of the most matured areas in forensic science with a strong scientific basis, namely analytical chemistry. The current evolving drug markets, characterized by the global emergence of new psychoactive substances (NPS) and the need for forensic scientists to identify an unprecedented and ever-increasing number of NPS, presents a unique challenge to this discipline. This article looks at the current situation with NPS at the global level, and the challenges posed to the otherwise technically robust forensic science discipline of analysis of substances of abuse. It discusses the preparedness of forensic science to deal with the current situation and identifies the need for a shift in forensic science practice, especially one which embraces research and looks beyond normal casework in order to provide the much needed data for developing effective policy responses to the NPS problem.

Neuropharmacology of 3,4-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), Its Metabolites, and Related Analogs

“…As mentioned in the Introduction, most NPS are not detected by traditional toxicology screening methods, which rely on antibody-based technology (i.e., immunoassays) and recognize specific drugs and metabolites. Given the rapid increase in number and variety of NPS, the slow and cumbersome process of developing new immunoassays cannot keep pace with the appearance of new substances [84, 85]. Consequently, alternative analytical methods, particularly liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) or high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), are now being implemented to detect and quantify newly emerging drugs of abuse [86–88].…”

A New Beginning: An Overview of New Psychoactive Substances

“…As a result, it is becoming increasingly important that intensive research, copious reference standards and validated, universal methods of analysis are developed, that have the potential to match the rapid emergence of these products. This forensic data collected from these sources can then be forwarded to other professional bodies, to catalyse effective law enforcements and medical interventions, which aid in reducing this trade and providing effective treatment for victims [59].…”

Electrochemiluminescent sensors as a screening strategy for psychoactive substances within biological matrices

“…Unsurprisingly, they grew in popularity amongst users as a result of their accessibility. [1][2][3] Despite their design to mimic the effects of traditional drugs they are often found to have unexpected and unwanted side effects. Currently, there is limited knowledge regarding the pharmacological or pharmacokinetic mechanisms of these substances; furthermore, the continuous growth of NPS structural variations make it almost impossible for authorities or practitioners to maintain a working knowledge.…”