New promising antioxidants based on 2,6-dimethylphenol

Abstract

Three new sulfur-containing derivatives of 2,6-dimethylphenol were synthesized. Their antioxidative activity, mutagenicity, and genotoxicity were examined by bacterial tests and by calculating the dominant lethal mutations in murine embryonic cells. It was shown that all the compounds synthesized have a marked antioxidative effect and no genotoxic or mutagenic properties. One of the antioxidants, 4-(3-dodecylthiopropyl)-2,6-dimethylphenol, increases the survival of cells of both the wild-type Escherichia coli strain and bacterial strains defective in the genes of repair enzymes and has a more distinct antioxidative effect than the classic antioxidants alpha-tocopherol and trolox, increasing the survival of cells devoid of repair enzymes.

An effective two-step synthesis, fluorescent properties, antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity evaluation of benzene-fluorinated 2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-quinolin-4-ones

“…The Salmonella typhimurium TA102 strain is often used both for evaluation of mutagenicity of different compounds and for detection of antioxidant properties, as judged from suppression of spontaneous mutagenesis in this strain and from a decrease in mutagenicity of oxidants, usually H 2 O 2 [17]. The mutagenic activity of several compounds was estimated in the Ames test [17] using S. typhimurium TA102 as reported by Kemeleva et al [18]. The mutation induction in the Ames assay is estimated by calculating the frequency of reversion from histidine auxotrophy to prototrophy in response to the substance under testing [17,18].…”

Cytotoxicity of new polyfluorinated 1,4-naphtoquinones with diverse substituents in the quinone moiety

“…Some antioxidant compounds are known to efficiently decrease the mutagenic effect of H 2 O 2 . 19,20 In the Ames test, H 2 O 2 was added to TA102 cells at the optimal concentration, 3 mM, 19,20 and the test compound concentrations varied (Fig. 1B).…”

“…The Salmonella typhimurium TA102 strain is often used both for evaluation of mutagenicity of different compounds and for detection of antioxidant properties, as judged from suppression of spontaneous mutagenesis in this strain and from a decrease in mutagenicity of oxidants, usually H 2 O 2 . 19 The mutagenic activity of compounds 1-8 was estimated in the Ames test 19 using S. typhimurium TA102 as reported by Kemeleva et al 20 The mutation induction in the Ames assay is estimated by calculating the frequency of reversion from histidine auxotrophy to prototrophy in response to the substance under testing. 19,20 Fig .…”

“…19 The mutagenic activity of compounds 1-8 was estimated in the Ames test 19 using S. typhimurium TA102 as reported by Kemeleva et al 20 The mutation induction in the Ames assay is estimated by calculating the frequency of reversion from histidine auxotrophy to prototrophy in response to the substance under testing. 19,20 Fig . 1B shows the representative data for quinone 5.…”

“…19,20 The overnight culture of bacteria (100 ll) containing one of the tested compounds in different concentrations and, if required, 3 mM H 2 O 2 , were mixed at 42°C with 2 ml of liquid 0.6% top agar. The mixture was poured onto plates with a minimal medium containing 0.2% glucose and 3% agar, taking care to distribute the mixture uniformly on the surface of the solid agar.…”