New Progress in Improving the Delivery Methods of Bisphosphonates in the Treatment of Bone Tumors

Abstract

Bone tumors are tumors that occur in the bone or its accessory tissues, including primary tumors and metastatic tumors. The main mechanism of bisphosphonate is to inhibit the resorption of destructive bone, inhibit the activity of osteoclasts and reduce the concentration of blood calcium. Therefore, bisphosphonates can be used for malignant hypercalcaemia, pain caused by osteolytic bone metastasis, prevention of osteolytic bone metastasis, multiple myeloma osteopathy, improving radiosensitivity and so on. However, the traditional administration of bisphosphonates can cause a series of adverse reactions. To overcome this disadvantage, it is necessary to develop novel methods to improve the delivery of bisphosphonates. In this paper, the latest research progress of new and improved bisphosphonate drug delivery methods in the treatment of bone tumors is reviewed. At present, the main design idea is to connect bisphosphonate nanoparticles, liposomes, microspheres, microcapsules, couplings, prodrugs and bone tissue engineering to targeted anti-tumors systems, and positive progress has been made in in vitro and animal experiments. However, its safety and effectiveness in human body still need to be verified by more studies.

Janus-Inspired Core–Shell Structure Hydrogel Programmatically Releases Melatonin for Reconstruction of Postoperative Bone Tumor

“…Common methods to promote bone repair, such as the use of growth factors, have little effect on inhibiting tumor recurrence . Previous reports showed that some studies used the controlled release of a variety of drugs to achieve the multi-effect of killing tumor cells and repairing bone defects, and some studies used the method of chemical synthesis to load drugs so as to achieve the delivery of drugs. ,, Nevertheless, there are still some problems bothering us. When multiple drugs are used, the effects of each drug may interfere with each other, and the use of multiple drugs may also increase the burden of liver and kidney, while the chemical synthesis may put forward a higher requirement for synthetic conditions.…”

Bisphosphonates-Pda: Correlation Between Structure and Physicochemical Properties

“…Bone related diseases such as osteomyelitis, osteosarcoma, osteoporosis are difficult to treat due to several limiting factors such as decreased perfusion of the bone, low bioavailability, toxicity and side effects. Therefore, designing drug delivery systems based on newer carriers such as microparticles, liposomes or nanoparticles that target the bone is a highly researched field [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8].…”

“…Bisphosphonates induce apoptosis in osteoclasts [1], inhibit resorption of the destructive bone and the release of tumor stimulating factors [2]. Depending on the structure of the two terminal phosphate groups bisphosphonates may be divided into non-nitrogen containing bisphosphonates such etidronate and clodronate and nitrogen containing bisphosphonates such as alendronate, pamidronate, zoledronate, risedronate.…”

Selective Binding of pVTK Peptide- and Bisphosphonate-Functionalized Micelles to Prostate Cancer Cells, Osteoblasts, and Osteoclasts

“…In addition to the role of antiresorptive BPs, they have direct functions such as antitumor [24], antiangiogenic [25], and anti-migratory [26] effects. Further, BPs are co-administered with doxorubicin, docetaxel, and paclitaxel [27][28][29][30][31] as cocktail therapies to treat bone metastasis. BPs are FDA-approved against osteoporosis, P Paget's disease, pediatric bone diseases [32], multiple myeloma, breast cancer metastasis, or prostate cancer to bone [33] as an adjuvant therapy to prevent metastatic bone pain.…”