“…These trends are documented in Table B.1 in Appendix B. This finding compares favorably with the success rates of technological innovations as a whole, The widely cited Booz-Allen & Hamilton studies (Booz-Allen & Hamilton, 1982), for instance, reported that despite considerable investments in up-front stages of exploration, screening, and business analysis, it still takes seven new product efforts to get one product to market -that is, only 14% of new products are successfully introduced, This suggests that ERIP inventions may be at least as successful as technological innovations generally, though meaningful comparisons are difficult to make because of differences in products, technologies, and measures of success, The literature has reported success rates ranging from 1% to 85% (Cooper, 1983;Crawford, 1987 Just as an entry into the market does not ensure continued success, not ali exits are permanent. Indeed, ERIP offers several examples of technologies that were withdrawn, redesigned based on initial market feedback, and then reintroduced.…”