New Pressure-Driven Approach for Modeling Water Distribution Networks

Mahmoud, Herman A.; Savić, Dragan; Kapelan, Zoran

doi:10.1061/(asce)wr.1943-5452.0000781

Cited by 40 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The first method has been proved as a time-consuming method, especially when performing simulation for large scale WDNs. The second method has been shown to have some numerically instabilities and a limited reliability in some cases [45]. Therefore, in this study, the third method by Abbas et al [28] was utilized to perform PDA based on the following demand-pressure relationship:…”

Section: Hydraulic Simulation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability Assessment Model of Water Distribution Networks against Fire Following Earthquake (FFE)

Gao

Zhang

et al. 2019

Water

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Fire following earthquake (FFE) is a common secondary disaster that can inflict great damage to humans. A large number of seismic resilience evaluation methods have been proposed, but few of them consider the influence of FFE. In this study, a multi-scenario simulation based model was developed to evaluate the post-disaster performance of water distribution networks (WDNs) in supplying both firefighting flow and original demand under the effect of seismic damage and FFEs. Hypothetical earthquakes were generated and the spatial–temporal distribution of FFEs was simulated by the Poisson distribution model and the Weibull distribution model. The post-disaster performance was evaluated by two types of seismic reliability metrics. The developed model was applied to a WDN currently operating in China with eight pre-determined earthquake scenarios. The results showed that the firefighting flow was concentrated in the first few hours after the earthquake. Thus, the serviceability of both original demand and firefighting flow was influenced significantly within the first few hours, while little impact was observed after the concentrated firefighting flow was delivered. The proposed model quantified the WDN’s performance under specific seismic damage and potential FFEs, and can be used for the planning, design, and maintenance of WDNs.

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Section: Hydraulic Simulation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability Assessment Model of Water Distribution Networks against Fire Following Earthquake (FFE)

Gao

Zhang

et al. 2019

Water

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“…Giustolisi et al (2011) developed and used new Excel-based software called WDNetXL. Generally, the limitations of this approach (Mahmoud et al, 2017) are that (1) it requires a change in algorithm and program code, (2) the computer codes are not available, (3) it requires iterations, (4) it is mostly demonstrated on sample networks, and (5) it exhibits difficulty in handling extended-period simulation.…”

Section: Pressure-driven Analysis -Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To compute the actual outflows from the nodes within given pres- sure bounds, modifications are needed, either in the source code of a demand-driven simulation engine (e.g., Cheung et al, 2005) or by adding additional fictitious components like reservoirs, check valves (CVs), flow control valves (FCVs), emitters, dummy nodes and very short pipes to the demand nodes (DNs -e.g., Ozger, 2003;Ang and Jowitt, 2006;Rossman, 2007;Suribabu and Neelakantan, 2011;Jinesh Babu and Mohan, 2012;Gorev and Kodzhespirova, 2013;Prasad, 2014, 2015;Morley and Tricarico, 2014;Abdy Sayyed et al, 2014, 2015Suribabu, 2015;Suribabu et al, 2017;Mamizadeh and Sharoonizadeh, 2016;Mahmoud et al, 2017;Pacchin et al, 2017). Mahmoud et al (2017) addressed the shortcoming of each of these methods for evaluating outflow in the case of large networks and under extended-period simulation (EPS). They have developed a new way to handle PDA using EPANET in single-iterative type after an introduction of a check valve, a flow control valve and a flow emitter for both the steady state and EPS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of water distribution network under pressure-deficient conditions through emitter setting

Ravi

Renganathan

Sivakumar

et al. 2019

Drink. Water Eng. Sci.

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Abstract. Pressure-driven analysis (PDA) of water distribution networks necessitates an assessment of the supplying capacity of a network within the minimum and required pressure ranges. Pressure-deficient conditions happen due to the uncertainty of nodal demands, failure of electromechanical components, diversion of water, aging of pipes, permanent increase in the demand at certain supply nodes, fire demand, etc. As the demand-driven analysis (DDA) solves the governing equations without any bound on pressure head, it fails to replicate the real scenario, particularly when the network experiences pressure-deficient situations. Numerous researchers formulated different head–discharge relations and used them iteratively with demand-driven software, while some other approaches solve them by incorporating this relation within the analysis algorithms. Several attempts have been made by adding fictitious network elements like reservoirs, check valves (CVs), flow control valves (FCVs), emitters, dummy nodes and pipes of negligible length (i.e., negligible pressure loss) to assess the supplying capability of a network under pressure-deficient conditions using demand-driven simulation software. This paper illustrates a simple way of assessing the supplying capacity of demand nodes (DNs) under pressure-deficient conditions by assigning the respective emitter coefficient only for those nodes facing a pressure-deficit condition. The proposed method is tested with three benchmark networks, and it is able to simulate the network without addition of any fictitious network elements or changing the source code of the software like EPANET. Though the proposed approach is an iterative one, the computational burden of adding artificial elements in the other methods is avoided and is hence useful for analyzing large networks.

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“…Lippai & Wright (2014)) modelled PDM nodes by adding the following virtual elements: flow control valve (FCV), throttle control valve (TCV), link with a check valve (CV) and a reservoir to the network for each PDM node to produce a virtual controls equivalent network. More recently a similar approach was presented by Mahmoud et al (2017). They connected control devices only to those nodes that a previously run DDM simulation identified as being in a PDM condition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to the huge increases in the numbers of links, nodes and sources (between 211 and 369% more links, between 176 and 300% more nodes and between 6,025 and 102,313% more sources), the equivalent virtual system may require the large extra computational cost of checking the states (at each iteration) of the extra virtual valves that are not in the original system (more than 30,600 for the case of network N 8 ). The technique of Mahmoud et al (2017) is more economical but still increases the number of degrees of freedom in the model significantly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Content-Based Active-Set Method for the Pressure-Dependent Model of Water Distribution Systems

Deuerlein

Piller

Elhay

et al. 2019

J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage.

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A new content based, box constrained, active set projected Newton method is presented which solves for the heads, the pipe flows and the nodal outflows of a water distribution system in which nodal outflows are pressure dependent. The new method is attractive because, by comparison with the weighted least squares energy and mass residuals (EMR) damped Newton method previously published by the authors, (i) it typically takes fewer iterations, (ii) it does not require damping, (iii) it takes less wall-clock time, (iv) it does not require the addition of any virtual elements and (v) it is algorithmically easier to deal with. Various pressure outflow relationships (PORs ), which model nodal outflows, are considered and two new PORs are presented. The new method is shown, by application to eight previously published case study networks with up to about 20,000 pipes and 18,000 nodes, to be up to 5 times faster than the EMR method and to take between 34% and 70% fewer iterations than the EMR method.

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New Pressure-Driven Approach for Modeling Water Distribution Networks

Cited by 40 publications

References 28 publications

Reliability Assessment Model of Water Distribution Networks against Fire Following Earthquake (FFE)

Reliability Assessment Model of Water Distribution Networks against Fire Following Earthquake (FFE)

Analysis of water distribution network under pressure-deficient conditions through emitter setting

Content-Based Active-Set Method for the Pressure-Dependent Model of Water Distribution Systems

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