New preparative routes to isosorbide 5-mononitrate

Chemocatalytic value addition of glucose without carbon–carbon bond cleavage/formation reactions: an overview

“…Various reducing agents have been explored over the years, including hydrazine hydrate, 217,218 borohydride reagents, 219 and metal catalysts in the presence of molecular hydrogen. 220 Selective nitration of IS to IS5MN has also been attempted, albeit with low selectivity. 221…”

An Efficient and Practical Chemoenzymatic Route to (3R,3aR,6R,6aR)-Hexahydrofuro[3,2-b]furan-6-amino-3-ol (6-Aminoisomannide) from Renewable Sources

“…Lipase-catalyzed transesterification of isosorbide has been previously reported for the regioselective synthesis of monoesters. [18][19][20][21][22][23][24] In general, the selectivity has been toward the endo hydroxyl group. Therefore, a biocatalyzed selective acetylation of the isosorbide endo hydroxyl represents a high-yield protection step.…”

(1S,4S,5S,8R)-8-Nitrooxy-2,6-dioxabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-4-yl 3,4,5-triacetoxybenzoate

“…For puckering parameters, see: Cremer & Pople (1975); Rao et al (1981). For the determination of the absolute structure, see: van Koningsveld et al (1984); Brown et al (2000). Mo K radiation = 0.12 mm À1 T = 296 K 0.31 Â 0.25 Â 0.14 mm…”