New porous bismuth electrode material with high surface area

Abstract

Bismuth electrodes are particularly interesting owing to their high hydrogen evolution overpotential and electrocatalytic activity. In this work, a novel porous bismuth electrode was prepared via an electrochemical deposition of bismuth on a porous graphite felt of high specific surface area, employing bismuth(III) oxide as reactant and a flow electrochemical cell as reactor. A solubility up to 1 mol L-1 of bismuth was obtained in basic medium using a suitable complexing agent. We solved the problems linked to the heterogeneous potential distribution in the 3D porous structure and to the formation of dendritic excrescences that led to mechanically fragile material by using a suitable flow electrochemical cell, a periodically changing current with short on-pulses and long off-pulses and by limiting the electrodeposition of Bi on the external surfaces of the felt due to diffusion. A Bi-modified electrode with high specific surface area and low bulk density was achieved using this method.

Efficient Dechlorination of α-Halocarbonyl and α-Haloallyl Pollutants by Electroreduction on Bismuth

“…Pretilachlor [2-chloro-2′,6′-diethyl- N -(2-propoxyethyl)­acetanilide] was bought from TCL, Japan, and trichloroacetic acid and chloroacetic acid from Janssen Chimica, Belgium. The preparation and main characterizations of bismuth-modified graphite felt has been previously reported . The material has a specific surface area of 0.40 ± 0.03 m 2 g –1 and a bulk density of 0.181 ± 0.007 g cm –3 , corresponding to a Bi loading of 1.7 mg cm –2 and a thickness of the Bi layer from 0.5 to 1 μm.…”

“…The preparation and main characterizations of bismuth modified graphite felt has been previously reported. 30 The material has a specific surface area of 0.40 ± 0.03 m 2 g -1 and a bulk density of 0.181 ± 0.007 g cm -3 , corresponding to a Bi loading of 1.7 mg cm -2 and a thickness for the Bi layer from 0.5 to 1 m.…”

Electrodeposition and analysis of thick bismuth films

“…Its unique properties, low toxicity 3 , and availability lead to many applications, such as battery anodes 4 , semiconductors for electrocatalytic degradation of organic waste 5 , and superconductors 6 . Moreover, Bi has a high hydrogen evolution overpotential, allowing higher current efficiency for reductive processes in electrochemical devices, and it has a high electrocatalytic activity toward CO 2 reduction 7 . Bi is also an effective radiation shielding material 8 , 9 and has high magnetoresistance 10 , making it useful in a variety of other applications such as radiation safety and magnetic sensing.…”

Bismuth coated graphite felt modified by silver particles for selective electroreduction of CO2 into formate in a flow cell

“…In the pursuit of our investigations on the modification of graphite felts and their use in depollution processes [29][30][31], Bi coated graphite felts with high surface area and good stability [32] were prepared and their high catalytic activity toward the reductive dechlorination of chloroacetamides was highlighted [33]. Herein, Bi modified graphite felts were used in a flow system for CO 2 reduction.…”