New planetary nebulae with ISM interaction discovered with IPHAS

Abstract

Abstract. The low surface brightness usually associated with nebulae mixing with the ISM has long been a substantial obstacle in the observation and statistical study of these interactions. Thanks to the detection capability of the INT Photometric H-alpha Survey (IPHAS), in terms of sensitivity and imaging resolution, we were able to detect and select tens of examples of candidate Planetary Nebulae apparently at different stages of interaction with the interstellar medium (PNe-ISM hereafter) following the Wareing et al. (2007) classification. A spectroscopic investigation was conducted with the San Pedro Martir 2.1m telescope (SPM) in Mexico and we present the first results involving a proper classification and analysis of our candidates. The main difficulty is visually separating PNe-ISM from other faint asymmetric nebulosities such as old HII regions, SNRs and general diffuse H-alpha structures. This investigation is a first step in a more comprehensive study of PNe-ISM as more candidates are uncovered by the IPHAS team.

First release of the IPHAS catalogue of new extended planetary nebulae

“…The resolution and the sensitivity offered by IPHAS make it an ideal tool for the detection of emission nebulae of all kinds. IPHAS is a survey sensitive to very low surface brightness nebulae and our group has been able to detect individual, morphologically exceptional PNe (Mampaso et al 2006;Wesson et al 2008;Corradi et al 2011;Viironen et al 2011, and we can also cite the external work by Hsia & Zhang 2014) , PNe interacting with the ISM (Wareing et al 2006;Sabin et al 2010Sabin et al , 2012, symbiotic stars , proplyd-like objects (Wright et al 2012) and new Galactic supernova remnants . Crucially though IPHAS has the sensitivity to reveal many new PNe belonging to the faint end of the PNe luminosity function and sample more of the evolved PN population previously unavailable for study in the Northern Galactic plane.…”

Planetary nebulae and how to find them: A concise review

“…The PNe birth rate, e.g., Cahn and Wyatt (1976) and Peimbert (1993), also effectively gives the death rate of stars born billions of years ago. Their complex morphologies provide clues to their formation, evolution, mass-loss processes, ISM interactions (Sabin et al, 2012) the possible shaping role by magnetic fields (Leal Ferreira, 2014;Sabin et al, 2015), binary central stars (De Marco, 2009;Miszalski et al, 2009;Hillwig et al, 2016;Boffin, 2017), common envelopes (García-Segura et al, 2018) and even massive planets (Soker, 2006;Sabach and Soker, 2018;Hegazi et al, 2020). As the central star fades to become a white dwarf and the nebula expands, the integrated flux, surface brightness and radius change in ways that can be predicted by current stellar and hydrodynamic theory (Dopita and Meatheringham, 1991).…”

“…12 The "HASH" consolidated PNe database and research platform All SHS (Parker et al, 2006;Miszalski et al, 2008) and IPHAS PNe discoveries (Sabin et al, 2012), together with all previously published PNe and other new, smaller samples independently published by other groups, including those of the active amateur community, have been compiled and incorporated into the socalled "HASH" catalogue and research platform (Parker et al, 2016). HASH has so far ingested 109 published PN catalogues, compilations and lists with new discoveries added as they are made known.…”

“…and discerned from good quality imagery. A few PNe are shaped by ISM interactionsSabin et al (2012) but this is rare in all extant samples. Many mimics can be removed at this level.…”

Amateur PN discoveries and their spectral confirmation: A significant new addition to the Galactic PN inventory

“…The DSH consortium and Laurence Sabin (e.g. Sabin 2008;Sabin et al 2012) have already thoroughly inspected the images of the IPHAS survey while the third author, Quentin Parker, and his team did the same with the SHS survey, reporting their PN discoveries in Parker et al (2006) and Miszalski et al (2008). Inevitably, some very faint candidates were missed in these surveys and subsequently found by our group, given that these surveys are available online.…”