New perspectives on the essential trace elements

Frieden, Earl

doi:10.1021/ed062p917

Cited by 115 publications

(67 citation statements)

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“…Micro/trace elements such as Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Se and Mo were quantified in sufficient concentrations. According to frieden (1985) Boron, Cobalt, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Mangenese, Molybdenum and Zinc are biologically essential elements whereas chromium, nickel, selenium are probable biologically essential elements [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemical Screening, Elemental and Functional Group Analysis of Vitex Negundo L. Leaves

Pawar

Kamble

2017

Int J Pharm Pharm Sci

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Objective: To analyse elemental profile, evaluate functional groups and find out phytochemical constituents of Vitex negundo L. leaves. Methods:Determination of primary and secondary metabolites for various extracts by qualitative methods. Elemental analysis was carried out by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) technique and the functional groups have been determined by using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) technique.Results: Soluble extractive percentage of material has been found the maximum in the aqueous extract (6.75%) followed by methanolic extract (4.35%) and acetone extract (1.8%). Phytochemical screening of material revealed the presence of carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, steroids, cardiac and anthraquinone glycosides, saponins, flavonoids, tannins and phenolic compounds. The elemental analysis revealed Na, Mg, K, Ca, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Se, Mo, Li, B, Al, P, Cd, As, Ba, and Hg. FTIR technique was used to identify various functional groups present in three different extracts of the material. Conclusion:The phytochemical screening of three different extracts of the material showed the presence of most of the primary and secondary metabolites in aqueous and methanolic extract than acetone extract. The soluble extractive value was found the maximum in aqueous extract hence aqueous extract is most effective for studying the pharmacological activity of this plant. Elemental analysis showed the presence of trace elements in sufficient concentrations and traces of heavy and toxic metals. The FTIR study revealed the presence of essential functional groups in three different extracts of the material. The present investigation is most essential to discover innovative, dynamic and novel drugs for curing various newly emerged dangerous health problems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemical Screening, Elemental and Functional Group Analysis of Vitex Negundo L. Leaves

Pawar

Kamble

2017

Int J Pharm Pharm Sci

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“…Precedence suggests that we consider both models. Nickel is an essential trace micronutrient for organisms that use Ni-containing enzymes such as hydrogenase, urease, or glyoxylase (13,19) and, in some cases, it is well established that Ni 2ϩ regulates the expression of genes involved in the biogenesis of these enzymes (9,30). There are also some examples in Streptomyces spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copper Response Element and Crr1-Dependent Ni ²⁺ -Responsive Promoter for Induced, Reversible Gene Expression in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Quinn

Merchant

2003

Eukaryot Cell

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The Cpx1 and Cyc6 genes of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are activated in copper-deficient cells via a signal transduction pathway that requires copper response elements (CuREs) and a copper response regulator defined by the CRR1 locus. The two genes can also be activated by provision of nickel or cobalt ions in the medium. The response to nickel ions requires at least one CuRE and also CRR1 function, suggesting that nickel interferes with a component in the nutritional copper signal transduction pathway. Nickel does not act by preventing copper uptake/utilization because (i) holoplastocyanin formation is unaffected in Ni 2؉ -treated cells and (ii) provision of excess copper cannot reverse the Ni-dependent activation of the target genes. The CuRE is sufficient for conferring Ni-responsive expression to a reporter gene, which suggests that the system has practical application as a vehicle for inducible gene expression. The inducer can be removed either by replacing the medium or by chelating the inducer with excess EDTA, either of which treatments reverses the activation of the target genes.

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“…Manganese is nutritionally essential for growth and survival of all living organisms because of its function as a redox cofactor in some enzymes or as an activator at a metal binding site of other enzymes (Frieden, 1985;Marschner, 1995;Christianson, 1997;Yocum and Pecoraro, 1999;Keen et al, 2000;Jakubovics and Jenkinson, 2001;Kehres and Maguire, 2003). For example, redox active manganese is present in manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), which is the principal antioxidant enzyme of mitochondria, whereas in arginase, the catalytic Mn 21 activates bound water to generate the nucleophile for hydrolysis of the guanidinium group of Arg (van Loon et al, 1986;Lebovitz et al, 1996).…”

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confidence: 99%

Manganese Deficiency in Chlamydomonas Results in Loss of Photosystem II and MnSOD Function, Sensitivity to Peroxides, and Secondary Phosphorus and Iron Deficiency

et al. 2006

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For photoheterotrophic growth, a Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cell requires at least 1.7 × 107 manganese ions in the medium. At lower manganese ion concentrations (typically <0.5 μ m), cells divide more slowly, accumulate less chlorophyll, and the culture reaches stationary phase at lower cell density. Below 0.1 μ m supplemental manganese ion in the medium, the cells are photosynthetically defective. This is accompanied by decreased abundance of D1, which binds the Mn4Ca cluster, and release of the OEE proteins from the membrane. Assay of Mn superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) indicates loss of activity of two isozymes in proportion to the Mn deficiency. The expression of MSD3 through MSD5, encoding various isoforms of the MnSODs, is up-regulated severalfold in Mn-deficient cells, but neither expression nor activity of the plastid Fe-containing superoxide dismutase is changed, which contrasts with the dramatically increased MSD3 expression and plastid MnSOD activity in Fe-deficient cells. Mn-deficient cells are selectively sensitive to peroxide but not methyl viologen or Rose Bengal, and GPXs, APX, and MSRA2 genes (encoding glutathione peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, and methionine sulfoxide reductase 2) are slightly up-regulated. Elemental analysis indicates that the Mn, Fe, and P contents of cells in the Mn-deficient cultures were reduced in proportion to the deficiency. A natural resistance-associated macrophage protein homolog and one of five metal tolerance proteins were induced in Mn-deficient cells but not in Fe-deficient cells, suggesting that the corresponding gene products may be components of a Mn2+-selective assimilation pathway.

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New perspectives on the essential trace elements

Cited by 115 publications

References 4 publications

Phytochemical Screening, Elemental and Functional Group Analysis of Vitex Negundo L. Leaves

Phytochemical Screening, Elemental and Functional Group Analysis of Vitex Negundo L. Leaves

Copper Response Element and Crr1-Dependent Ni ²⁺ -Responsive Promoter for Induced, Reversible Gene Expression in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Manganese Deficiency in Chlamydomonas Results in Loss of Photosystem II and MnSOD Function, Sensitivity to Peroxides, and Secondary Phosphorus and Iron Deficiency

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New perspectives on the essential trace elements

Cited by 115 publications

References 4 publications

Phytochemical Screening, Elemental and Functional Group Analysis of Vitex Negundo L. Leaves

Phytochemical Screening, Elemental and Functional Group Analysis of Vitex Negundo L. Leaves

Copper Response Element and Crr1-Dependent Ni 2+ -Responsive Promoter for Induced, Reversible Gene Expression in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Manganese Deficiency in Chlamydomonas Results in Loss of Photosystem II and MnSOD Function, Sensitivity to Peroxides, and Secondary Phosphorus and Iron Deficiency

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Copper Response Element and Crr1-Dependent Ni ²⁺ -Responsive Promoter for Induced, Reversible Gene Expression in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii