New Perspectives in Grapevine (Vitis spp.) Breeding

Abstract

Many grape varieties or genotypes of Vitis species are grown for different purposes in various parts of the world. However, despite a large number of cultivars, there is a demand for different grape cultivars due to changing consumer expectations. Grapevine breeding programs are carried out by scientists in different countries in order to meet these expectations. Breeding studies, which used to take a long time with traditional crossbreeding methods, have become studies that achieve the desired results in a much shorter time with the development of molecular methods and biotechnology. One of the most important developments in grapevine breeding is that the relevant gene regions in hybrid populations developed from breeding programs can be identified in a very short time. In recent years, the demand for cultivars that are more resistant or tolerant to biotic and abiotic stress conditions has increased, and for this purpose, there has been a significant increase in breeding studies on cultivars and rootstocks that are resistant or tolerant to different stress conditions. Considering the current breeding programs, genetically manipulated new cultivars with desired characteristics and interspecies hybrid cultivars will soon become the main study subjects of grapevine breeding programs.

Biotechnologies and Strategies for Grapevine Improvement

“…Grapevine, similar to other woody species, has revealed a genotype and explant type dependent recalcitrance to in vitro regeneration techniques [17,129]. Many studies have reported that rootstock varieties reveal higher organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis potential than hybrids and varieties belonging to the V. vinifera species [133]. However, several other factors were reported to influence the efficiency of grapevine in vitro plant regeneration, such as culture medium composition, especially the type and concentrations of plant growth regulators (PGRs) [134,135]; explants' developmental stage [136] and phyllotactic position [137]; light regime [138]; pH value [139], etc.…”

Secondary and primary metabolites reveal putative resistance-associated biomarkers against Erysiphe necator in resistant grapevine genotypes

“…Erysiphe necator can infect all green tissues of the host and cause significant losses in yield and reduction in berry quality ( Pimentel et al., 2021 ). Due to the devastating effects of the disease, breeding studies have been initiated to develop varieties that are tolerant or resistant to this disease all over the world ( Atak and Şen, 2021 ; Atak, 2022 ).…”

Phenolic profile changes of grapevine leaves infected with Erysiphe necator

“…One alternative for the sustainable management of plant diseases is based on the design of strategies that trigger a defence response in the plant to overcome fungal attack 4 . Because fungal diseases, especially powdery mildew, cause serious yield and quality losses and increase production costs all over the world, new resistant varieties are being developed in grape‐breeding programmes 5 . In addition, different species and interspecific hybrids have been considered because of their resistance to powdery mildew 6 …”