New perspective to control of tenacibaculosis in sea bassDicentrarchus labraxL

Abstract

This work was carried out to investigate the effects of injection of Tenacibaculum maritimum formalin‐killed cells (FKC), extracellular products (ECPs) and crude lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as well as 1% feed supplements of oil extracts of Echinacea purpurea and Origanum vulgare on sea bass immunity improvement to the favour of T. maritimum experimental infection control after 4 weeks of the experiment. Tenacibaculum maritimum isolated from naturally infected sea bass showed brown to yellowish‐brown lesions (sores) on gills, skin and/or fins and identified by different biochemical methods and polymerase chain reaction technique. Immune parameters namely, total protein, globulin and lysozyme activity, as well as the relative level of protection were improved by T. maritimum (FKC), (LPS), (ECPs), O. vulgare and E. purpurea, respectively compared with control. Histopathological examination of T. maritimum naturally infected sea bass indicated many pathological changes in gill, skin and musculatures. Present study could be concluded that application of T. maritimum (FKC), (LPS), (ECPs), O. vulgare or E. purpurea improved sea bass immunity to the favour of disease resistance against T. maritimum. Further investigations on the combination between the previous control methods and the vaccine application methods will be needed.

State-of-the-Art Vaccine Research for Aquaculture Use: The Case of Three Economically Relevant Fish Species

“…In that case, the immunogenicity of the formulations was only evaluated by the agglutinating antibody titer and in vitro phagocytosis tests, and both parameters increased after the second immunization. As in the study from Khalil et al [ 22 ] both FKC- and ECP-based vaccines resulted in significantly increased survival rates, and because antigens in the two formulations likely differ from one another, we hypothesize that their simultaneous administration could yield better results by inducing a more complete protection. This may lead to a formulation similar to that described against S. iniae for Nile tilapia [ 34 ], where the vaccine had been obtained by resuspending formalin-inactivated cells in a concentrated medium rich in extracellular products (see below).…”

“…The combined effects of three different vaccines and a diet enriched with essential oils of Echinacea purpurea or Origanum vulgare (1% BW) against Tenacibaculum maritimum were presented [ 22 ]. The antigens consisted of (i) a T. maritimum culture inactivated with 0.5% formalin (formalin-killed cells (FKC)), (ii) extracellular products (ECPs) concentrated by dialyses and stored at 55 °C until use, and (iii) a crude lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preparation extracted from the broth culture pellet.…”

Advancements in Characterizing Tenacibaculum Infections in Canada

“…7002-035 with a percent identity of 95.99%; other Tenacibaculum species have percent identities below 95.62% ( Supplementary Materials Figure S1 ). Two 16S rDNA PCR assays [ 80 , 81 ] are widely applied to identify T. maritimum [ 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 ]. qPCR and v-qPCR for 16S rDNA [ 89 , 90 , 91 ], gyrB gene [ 92 ], and outer membrane protein A (ompA) gene sequences [ 7 ] have been developed.…”

A Thorough Insight into the Biofilm Properties of Potential Fish Pathogen Tenacibaculum discolor Strain FMCC B487

“…Tenacibaculum maritimum is the most thoroughly studied species of the Tenacibaculum genus, since it was the first species recognized as the etiological agent of the disease [10]. So far it has been attributed to the disease in a variety of fish species [11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Other Tenabibaculum species that have been identified as the causative agent of tenacibaculosis are Tenacibaculum dicentrarchi, Tenacibaculum discolor, Tenacibaculum finnmarkense, Tenacibaculum gallaicum, Tenacibaculum mesophilum, Tenacibaculum ovolyticum, and Tenacibaculum soleae [6,18].…”