New perspective on the determination of flame retardants in sewage sludge by using ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry with different ion sources

Use of microextraction by packed sorbents following selective pressurised liquid extraction for the determination of brominated diphenyl ethers in sewage sludge by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

“…These samples were prepared by adding a standard solution of hexane and the mixture was thoroughly homogenised. Then, the samples were freeze-dried, ground and stored in the dark at 4 • C. The freeze-drying was supposed to minimise loss of volatile analytes compared to other drying techniques used for samples with high water content (80-90% water) and this sample treatment has been well established in literature [4,5]. However, these works did not include mono-to di-BDEs, which are considered more volatile than other homologues.…”

“…However, it is a difficult task due to the complexity of the matrix which contains a wide variety of compounds that can act as interference in the analysis. Several methods for the determination of BDEs in sewage sludge have been reported, using microwave assisted extraction (MAE) [3], pressurised liquid extraction (PLE) [4,5] or ultrasound solid liquid extraction [6] as the extraction step, usually followed by a clean-up step such as solid phase extraction (SPE) [3][4][5]. The clean-up step is mandatory to eliminate matrix components which can be co-eluted with the target analytes and interfere with their detection, and to avoid contamination and damage of the chromatographic system by sample matrix components.…”

Preparation of magnetic graphene @polydopamine @Zr-MOF material for the extraction and analysis of bisphenols in water samples

“…Liquid chromatography and gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometric detection are common techniques for the analysis [10,11]. Due to the complicated environmental matrix and the low abundance of target analytes, it is difficult to obtain good sensitivity while analyzing the compounds directly.…”

Theory and Practice of UHPLC and UHPLC–MS

“…These can be valuable for anyone undertaking analysis by any of these techniques because they often indicate what is the most sensitive and effective technique for a particular class of compounds. Among the classes of molecules or samples for which three API techniques have been compared head-to-head are these (by year): polyphenols (Parets et al, 2016), fungi (Cirigliano et al, 2016), petroleum (Huba et al, 2016), crude oil (Lababidi and Schrader, 2014), biofuels (Chiaberge et al, 2014), metalosalen catalysts (Słominska et al, 2014), benzimidazoles (Martínez-Villalba et al, 2013), metabolites in plasma (Tian et al, 2013), estradiol (Keski-Rahkonen et al, 2013, drug metabolites (Louw et al, 2012), Leishmania donovani promastigotes , fullerenes , hormones (Vilaró et al, 2012), polyaromatic hydrocarbons (Ghislain et al, 2012), epoxides , environmental and wastewater sample analysis for personal care product components and pharmaceuticals by DART and API techniques (Beißmann et al, 2011), cycloartane derivatives (Cicek et al, 2011), carotenoids , pharmaceuticals in wastewater (Garcia-Ac et al, 2011), illicit drugs in oral fluids , products of the Meerwein reaction with epoxides (Wu et al, 2010), lung cancer biomarkers , flame retardants (Mascolo et al, 2010), polar components by dielectric barrier discharge ionization and API techniques (Hayen et al, 2009), drugs and their impurities (Hommerson et al, 2009), dimers of 4-(methyl mercapto)-phenol (Wu et al, 2009), polymer additives (antioxidants, UV absorbers, and processing stabilizers) (Himmelsbach et al, 2009), estrogenic chemicals in wastewater (Lien et al, 2009), pentacyclic triterpenes (Rhourri-Frih et al, 2009, hydroperoxides from linalool and limonene (Nilsson et al, 2008), domoic acid (a neurotoxin) in shellfish (Pardo et al, 2007), polyaromatic hydrocarbons (Grosse and Letzel, 2007), plant melatonin, serotonin, and indole-3-acetic acid (Cao et al, 2006), fatty acids, MAGs, DAGs, and TAGs, …”