New pectic polysaccharides from <scp><i>Codonopsis pilosula</i></scp> and <i><scp>Codonopsis</scp> tangshen</i>: structural characterization and cellular antioxidant activities

Zou, Yuanfeng; Zhang, Yanyun; Paulsen, Berit Smestad; Rise, Frode; Chen, Zhengli; Jia, Renyong; Li, Lixia; Song, Xu; Feng, Bin; Tang, Huaqiao; Huang, Chao; Yan, Gang; Yin, Zhongqiong

doi:10.1002/jsfa.11261

“…When combined with compound medicine, CP can inhibit the synthesis of thromboxane B2 in plasma and counteract the phenomenon of platelet aggregation caused by coronary heart disease or angina pectoris. In addition, CP can reduce erythrocyte sclerotic index, increase blood fluidity, promote human microcirculation, and significantly inhibit the formation of thrombus in vitro [ 21 ]. In addition, CP may also reduce blood pressure by dilating blood vessels and increasing the output of the heart, brain, viscera, and other organs [ 22 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect and Mechanism of New Processing Method of Codonopsis pilosula on Endocrine Physique Index in Rats

Gong

¹

,

Hu

²

2022

Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine

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Objective. To explore the effect and mechanism of a new processing method of Codonopsis pilosula (CP) on the endocrine physique index in rats. Methods. The rats were randomly assigned into the control group, model group, CP group (3.75 g/kg crude drug), rice-fried CP group (3.75 g/kg crude drug), and honey-roasted CP group (3.75 g/kg), with 10 rats in each group. All rats were gavaged according to the body weight of 1 mL/100 g every morning for 3 weeks. The water extracts of different processed products of CP were given to the drug group, the blank group, and the model group which were given the same volume of normal saline during the experiment. The model group and each administration group were fed every other day and drank freely for 21 days, during which the weight was weighed every 2 days. The changes of the organ index; the contents of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and cortisol (Cor); and the activity of sodium and potassium adenosine triphosphate (Na+K+-ATP) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression of aquaporin-1 (AQP1) and aquaporin-2 (AQP2) mRNA was detected by RT-PCR. Results. Effect on the organ index: the organ index of the control group, CP group, rice-fried group, and honey moxibustion group was higher compared to that of the model group, and the organ index of the honey moxibustion group was the highest ( P < 0.05 ). The level of cAMP and the ratio of cAMP/cGMP in the model group were significantly higher compared to those of the control group ( P < 0.05 ); CGMP in the model group decreased significantly ( P < 0.05 ). Compared with the model group, the level of cAMP in the CP group, rice-fried group, and honey moxibustion group decreased significantly, while the ratio of cGMP and cAMP/cGMP increased significantly ( P < 0.05 ). Compared with the CP group, rice-fried group, and honey moxibustion group, the level of cAMP and the ratio of cAMP/cGMP in the honey moxibustion group were lower compared to those in the other two groups, and the ratio of cGMP in the honey moxibustion group was higher compared to that in the other two groups ( P < 0.05 ). The contents of ACTH and Cor in the model group were significantly higher compared to those in the control group ( P < 0.05 ). Compared with the model group, the contents of ACTH and Cor in the CP group, rice-fried group, and honey moxibustion group were significantly lower compared to those in the model group ( P < 0.05 ). Compared with the CP group, rice-fried group, and honey moxibustion group, the contents of ACTH and Cor in the honey moxibustion group were higher compared to those in the other two groups ( P < 0.05 ). The content of the Na+K+-ATP enzyme in the model group was significantly higher compared to that in the control group ( P < 0.05 ). Compared with the model group, the content of the Na+K+-ATP enzyme in the CP group, rice-fried group, and honey moxibustion group decreased significantly ( P < 0.05 ). Compared with the CP group, rice-fried group, and honey moxibustion group, the content of the Na+K+-ATP enzyme in the honey moxibustion group was higher compared to that in the other two groups ( P < 0.05 ). The expression of AQP1 and AQP2 mRNA in the kidney tissue of the kidney yin deficiency model group was significantly higher compared to that of the control group ( P < 0 05 ). Compared with the model group, the expression levels of AQP1 and AQP2 mRNA in the renal tissue of rats in the CP group, rice-fried group, and honey moxibustion group decreased in different degrees ( P < 0.05 ). There was no statistical difference between the CP group, rice stir-frying group, and honey moxibustion group. Conclusion. This study proves that the new processing method of CP can improve the endocrine physique index of rats, enhance their organ quality, and regulate the disorder of water metabolism in kidney yin deficiency syndrome and has a certain therapeutic effect on kidney yin deficiency syndrome. Different new processing methods of CP have different effects on promoting endocrine physique indexes of rats. It is concluded that honey-roasted CP has the best effect on promoting spleen deficiency, which may be through glucose metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and nucleotide metabolism, increasing ATP energy metabolism, so as to strengthen the symptoms of spleen deficiency in rats. The experimental data of this study indicate that the effect of honey-roasted CP is better compared to that of other processed products, which provides an experimental basis for the rational clinical application of the new processed products.

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“…The polysaccharides were composed of fucose (Fuc), ribose (Rib), mannose (Man), glucose (Glc), arabinose (Ara), galactose (Gal), rhamnose (Rha), xylose (Xyl), glucuronic acid (GlcA), galacturonic acid (GalA), glucosamine (GlcN), and/or galactosamine (GalN) ( 18 , 56 – 58 ). Moreover, Glc, Ara, Gal, and Rha were four monosaccharide types widely discovered in the polysaccharides ( 18 , 41 , 54 , 55 , 57 – 62 ).…”

Section: Structural Features Of Nps Having Regulation On Nrf2 Antioxi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in health-promoting effects of natural polysaccharides: Regulation on Nrf2 antioxidant pathway

Luo

¹

,

Li

²

,

Shen

³

et al. 2023

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Natural polysaccharides (NPs) possess numerous health-promoting effects, such as liver protection, kidney protection, lung protection, neuroprotection, cardioprotection, gastrointestinal protection, anti-oxidation, anti-diabetic, and anti-aging. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) antioxidant pathway is an important endogenous antioxidant pathway, which plays crucial roles in maintaining human health as its protection against oxidative stress. Accumulating evidence suggested that Nrf2 antioxidant pathway might be one of key regulatory targets for the health-promoting effects of NPs. However, the information concerning regulation of NPs on Nrf2 antioxidant pathway is scattered, and NPs show different regulatory behaviors in their different health-promoting processes. Therefore, in this article, structural features of NPs having regulation on Nrf2 antioxidant pathway are overviewed. Moreover, regulatory effects of NPs on this pathway for health-promoting effects are summarized. Furthermore, structure-activity relationship of NPs for health-promoting effects by regulating the pathway is preliminarily discussed. Otherwise, the prospects on future work for regulation of NPs on this pathway are proposed. This review is beneficial to well-understanding of underlying mechanisms for health-promoting effects of NPs from the view angle of Nrf2 antioxidant pathway, and provides a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of NPs in promoting human health.

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“…Besides a decrease in oxidative damage products, pectic polysaccharides from Codonopsis pilosula (CPP-1) and Codonopsis tangshen (CTP-1) root, inulin-type fructans from C. pilosula (CPPN) and C. tangshen (CTPN) radix as well as extracts from Ulva prolifera mainly consisting of polyphenols and unsaturated fatty acids and polysaccharides from Hippophae rhamnoides (HRP) showed the ability to enhance functionality of at least some antioxidative enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) in IPEC-J2 cells [ 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 ].…”

Section: Intestinal Porcine Epithelial Cell Linesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, DADS and DATS also successfully increased activity of CAT in IPEC-J2 cells challenged with H 2 O 2 [ 88 ]. The extracts from C. pilosula and C. tangshen further increased total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) as well as the cell viability whereas HRP, in addition to its antioxidant property, was also capable of stimulating the release of various proinflammatory cytokines [ 85 , 86 , 87 ].…”

Section: Intestinal Porcine Epithelial Cell Linesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) was upregulated in IPEC-J2 cells treated with U. prolifera extract or CPP-1/CTP-1, authors conclude that Nrf2 is involved in the upregulation of antioxidant enzymes to a significant extent [ 84 , 85 ]. To examine if Nrf2 signaling due to U. prolifera is related to AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, AMPK inhibitor compound C was added to culture.…”

Section: Intestinal Porcine Epithelial Cell Linesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Porcine and Chicken Intestinal Epithelial Cell Models for Screening Phytogenic Feed Additives—Chances and Limitations in Use as Alternatives to Feeding Trials

Marks

¹

,

Grześkowiak

²

,

Martínez-Vallespín

³

et al. 2022

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Numerous bioactive plant additives have shown various positive effects in pigs and chickens. The demand for feed additives of natural origin has increased rapidly in recent years to support the health of farm animals and thus minimize the need for antibiotics and other drugs. Although only in vivo experiments can fully represent their effect on the organism, the establishment of reliable in vitro methods is becoming increasingly important in the goal of reducing the use of animals in experiments. The use of cell models requires strict control of the experimental conditions so that reliability and reproducibility can be achieved. In particular, the intestinal porcine epithelial cell line IPEC-J2 represents a promising model for the development of new additives. It offers the possibility to investigate antioxidative, antimicrobial, anti- or pro-proliferative and antiviral effects. However, the use of IPEC-J2 is limited due to its purely epithelial origin and some differences in its morphology and functionality compared to the in vivo situation. With regard to chickens, the development of a reliable intestinal epithelial cell model has attracted the attention of researchers in recent years. Although a promising model was presented lately, further studies are needed to enable the standardized use of a chicken cell line for testing phytogenic feed additives. Finally, co-cultivation of the currently available cell lines with other cell lines and the development of organoids will open up further application possibilities. Special emphasis was given to the IPEC-J2 cell model. Therefore, all publications that investigated plant derived compounds in this cell line were considered. The section on chicken cell lines is based on publications describing the development of chicken intestinal epithelial cell models.

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New pectic polysaccharides from Codonopsis pilosula and Codonopsis tangshen: structural characterization and cellular antioxidant activities

Cited by 27 publications

References 45 publications

The Effect and Mechanism of New Processing Method of Codonopsis pilosula on Endocrine Physique Index in Rats

The Effect and Mechanism of New Processing Method of Codonopsis pilosula on Endocrine Physique Index in Rats

Advances in health-promoting effects of natural polysaccharides: Regulation on Nrf2 antioxidant pathway

Porcine and Chicken Intestinal Epithelial Cell Models for Screening Phytogenic Feed Additives—Chances and Limitations in Use as Alternatives to Feeding Trials

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