New Particle-Labeling Technique for Use in Biological and Physical Sediment Transport Studies

Ölmez, I.; Pink, Francis X.; Wheatcroft, Robert A.

doi:10.1021/es00057a017

Cited by 30 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Marine biological mixing studies have been described in terms of the activities of major mixing organisms (see Rhoads 1974, Thayer 1983 for extensive reviews). These activities have usually involved measurements of the volume or mass of fecal pellets produced (Rhoads 1963, Appleby & Brinkhurst 1970, Hylleberg 1975, Cammen 1980, Whitlach & Weinberg 1982, Lopez & Cheng 1983, Thayer 1983) or of marked horizons made out of various tracers, such as luminophores (Mahaut & Graf 1987), pollen grains (Davis 1974), copepods eggs (Marcus & Schmidt-Gegenbach 1986), exotic sedimentary minerals (Aller & Dodge 1974, Rice 1986, Olmez et al 1994 and radioactively labeled particles (Amiard-Triquet 1974, Haven et al 1981, Santschi et al 1984, Sorokin 1986. Changes in the amount of fecal pellets produced gives a rough estimate of surface sediment movements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological mixing responses to sublethal concentrations of DDT in sediments by Heteromastus filiformis using a 137Cs marker layer technique

Mulsow¹,

Landrum²,

Robbins³

2002

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Sediment mixing by benthic macroinvertebrates is an important process affecting the fate of sediment-bound and dissolved contaminants in marine environments. A non-invasive, stateof-the-art radiotracer technique was used to study sediment mixing by Heteromastus filiformis (Capitellidae), a common marine head-down deposit feeder, exposed to several sub-lethal concentrations of DDT (0, 5, 10 and 20 µg g Cs-labeled clay were deposited approximately every 2 cm in each of 3 replicate sediment columns per treatment; 4 polychaetes were then introduced to each column and the γ activity of each column was measured vertically using an automated scan detector. Nonlinear leastsquare fits were applied to obtain parameterized values that were used to determine the mixing rates of each 137 Cs layer over time. A simple diffusion model was used to calculate biological diffusion coefficients (D b ) for H. filiformis. Overall mixing rates increased towards the surface. Control and Treatment 1 had higher D b values at the surface compared to Treatments 2 and 3. The D b depth profiles were similar in the control and Treatments 1 and 2, with mixing occurring at the sediment water interface and a subsurface maximum at 10 to 12 cm below this interface. This pattern was not clear in Treatment 3, where D b had the lowest values and decreased with depth. Bioturbation besides mixing of solids also changed the water content throughout the sediment column. Porosity profiles at the end of the experiments increased by 10 to 20% at 10 to 12 cm depths compared to above and below this horizon. The DDT depth concentration profiles decreased towards the surface as a result of the mixing by the benthic macroinvertebrates, clearly indicating removal/uptake by the organism. The feeding rate constant (γ b , % h -1 ) in the control showed a maximum at 7 to 12 cm. However, the γ b in the treatments was essentially constant with depth. For all treatments and the control, the burial rate (W b ) (downward movement of radiolabeled layers) decreased with depth. The surface layers were buried faster (ANOVA, p < 0.05) in the control than in sediments containing DDT. A sensitivity analysis comparing burial rate, D b , γ b (surface only) and worm weights showed that worm weights and burial rate have the highest fractional rate changes per µg g -1 DDT.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological mixing responses to sublethal concentrations of DDT in sediments by Heteromastus filiformis using a 137Cs marker layer technique

Mulsow¹,

Landrum²,

Robbins³

2002

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…Finally, exotic substances such as gold and silver and rare earth elements (REE e.g. Nd203) have been used as coatings in particle tracking studies (Olmez et al 1994;Zhang et al 2001).…”

Section: Tracer Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of particle tracking in sediment transport studies: a review

Black¹,

Athey²,

Wilson³

et al. 2007

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New European environmental legislation such as the Shellfish and Habitats Directives, together with the more recent Water Framework Directive, are driving new and fresh approaches to sediment management. Regional authorities, environment protection agencies and consultants are increasingly being required to adopt a holistic, system-wide appreciation of sediment flux in aquatic systems. Increasingly, and necessarily, there is a need to describe sediment (and contaminant) transport pathways on dynamically variable and spatially distributed scales rather than at single point localities. 'Particle tracking', or as it is also known 'particle' or 'sediment tracing', providing certain assumptions are satisfied, offers a practical methodology for the assessment of transport pathways of a variety of sediments across wider temporal and spatial scales, and is available for silts, sands, granules, pebbles and cobbles. Although not a new technique, particle tracking has experienced a resurgence of interest and application by geologists, hydrologists and oceanographers principally as a result of the arrival of new, innovative manufacturing and measurement technologies. These have overcome previous limitations presented by the method, and have also provided a foundation for silt tracking that previously did not exist. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the particle tracking methodology in the modern context, with a bias towards the practicalities of conducting a tracking experiment. We present a detailed summary of the factors and considerations involved in conducting tracking studies, including an assessment of tolerance limits on synthetic tracers and the importance of appropriate sampling strategies. In addition, we highlight the principal technical limitations of the method. We summarise the historical background regarding the use of the particle tracking method outlining the dominance of studies on sand transport and the paucity of silt tracking studies, and draw attention to some of the potential areas of application of this innovative approach.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sediment transport in river systems can be determined by various methods, such as naturally, artificially, or by introduced tracers [ Olmez et al , 1994]. Naturally occurring tracers include 210 Pb, 234 Th and 7 Be, while 137 Cs is a bomb‐produced radionuclide tracer [ Olmez et al , 1994]. Magnetically tagged stones are an example of an introduced tracer used in the Carnation Creek to measure particle transport in a natural gravel bed channel [ Haschenburger and Wilcock , 2003].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Magnetically tagged stones are an example of an introduced tracer used in the Carnation Creek to measure particle transport in a natural gravel bed channel [ Haschenburger and Wilcock , 2003]. Olmez et al [1994] labeled sediments using gold and silver to track the movement of silt (38–62 μm) and sand (62–125 μm) in Massachusetts Bay sediment. This study will focus on the movement of fine‐grained sediment (silts and clays) using 210 Pb, 137 Cs, and PCBs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evidence of fine‐grained sediment transport and deposition in Sheboygan River, Wisconsin, based on sediment core chemical tracer profiles

Bzdusek

Christensen

2005

Water Resources Research

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Fine‐grained sediment transport and deposition is observed in nine dated sediment cores obtained from the Sheboygan River. The sediment cores were dated by 137Cs and 210Pb methods. Sediment dating was supported by a polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) analysis and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) hydrographic surveys from 1976 to 2002. Plots of 137Cs activity versus depth show distinct peaks related to peak Sheboygan River discharges in the years 1966, 1975, 1979, and 1989. These peaks result from the scouring of sediments during storm discharges and the increased deposition of the fine‐grained fraction of particles, including colloidal clay particles (associated with 137Cs and, to some extent, PCBs), in place of the scoured sediments. Core SR1a, upstream of the Pennsylvania Avenue Bridge, and cores SR5‐SR8, farther downstream, show continuous sedimentation (1.2–11.8 cm/yr) since the late 1950s, whereas net sediment accumulation virtually ceased after 1988 at the intermediate sites of cores SR1–SR4. The maximum PCB concentration (161 ppm) occurs in 1969 in core SR4.

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New Particle-Labeling Technique for Use in Biological and Physical Sediment Transport Studies

Cited by 30 publications

References 14 publications

Biological mixing responses to sublethal concentrations of DDT in sediments by Heteromastus filiformis using a 137Cs marker layer technique

Biological mixing responses to sublethal concentrations of DDT in sediments by Heteromastus filiformis using a 137Cs marker layer technique

The use of particle tracking in sediment transport studies: a review

Evidence of fine‐grained sediment transport and deposition in Sheboygan River, Wisconsin, based on sediment core chemical tracer profiles

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