New Osmosis Law and Theory: the New Formula that Replaces van't Hoff Osmotic Pressure Equation

Xie, Rongqing; Lin, Guangming; Huang, Hai

doi:10.48550/arxiv.1201.0912

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“…Figure 2 In this article, osmotic pressure operating between the outside (the aqueous medium: pure water, various concentrations of K 2 SO 4 aqueous solutions) and the inside of the PS particles, in which sulfate end-groups and Emulgen 911 nonionic emulsifier were buried, is calculated using the van't Hoff osmotic pressure formula (eq 1). 20…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, in the d p range of 0.2−5.0 μm, ΔC is always much lower than 10 mol/L, which was the threshold value to apply the van't Hoff osmotic pressure equation. 20 The osmotic pressure due to the buried sulfate end-groups is calculated assuming that the sulfate end-group exists as an ion pair −SO 4 − K + in the inside. They are hydrated with water molecules and gather at fine water pools in the inside.…”

Section: Kpamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of Osmotic Pressure for the Formation of Sub-micrometer-Sized, Hollow Polystyrene Particles by Heat Treatment in Aqueous Dispersed Systems

et al. 2019

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In a previous article, it was reported that a rather amount of sulfate end-groups as initiator fragment were buried in the inside of polystyrene (PS) particles, which were synthesized by emulsion polymerization with potassium persulfate initiator and nonionic emulsifier and operated to absorb water from the aqueous medium, resulting in hollow particles, when the PS emulsion was treated at higher temperature than the glass transition temperature of PS. In this article, it was clarified that the water absorption is based on the osmotic pressure between the outside (aqueous medium) and inside of the PS particles due to the buried sulfate end-groups.

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Kpamentioning

confidence: 99%