New-Onset of Membranous Lupus Nephritis after COVID-19 Vaccination: aCase Report andLiterature Review

Abstract

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination is an important method to reduce the spread of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). While most recipients experience only mild side effects such as fever, fatigue, and injection site pain, it has been found that SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is associated with a few autoimmune problems, including the development of immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia, autoimmune liver disorders, rheumatoid arthritis, IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). There have been several reports documenting the occurrence of lupus nephritis (LN) after administration of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Considering the ability to activate the immune system, vaccines carry a series of risk inducing flares or exacerbating disease in patients with glomerulonephritises.