New observations on present and prehistorical glacier-dammed lakes in the Shimshal valley (Karakoram Mountains)

Iturrizaga, Lasafam

doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2004.04.011

Cited by 40 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In the region, a similar process has been observed and well documented for Kyagar Glacier (Round et al, 2017). Sudden drainage of the Khurdopin Lake has caused destruction to downstream villages before, which led to the development of an early warning system with bonfires along the slopes of the entire Shimshal Valley (Iturrizaga, 2005). So far these surges have been solely described by investigating velocity data from distinct surface features of the glacier, using both coarse resolution satellite data, and field observations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…3). Most of the reported lake drainages were not catastrophic and they have rarely caused damages downstream beyond eroded fields and damaged bridges (Hewitt and Liu, 2010;Iturrizaga, 2005). From historic Landsat imagery it is obvious that a lake formed during the melt season in two consecutive years after the surge in 1999, likely because the added mass required considerable time to be eroded.…”

Section: Hydrology and Hazardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Brief communication: The Khurdopin glacier surge revisited – extreme flow velocities and formation of a dammed lake in 2017

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Glacier surges occur regularly in the Karakoram, but the driving mechanisms, their frequency and its relation to a changing climate remain unclear. In this study, we use digital elevation models and Landsat imagery in combination with high-resolution imagery from the Planet satellite constellation to quantify surface elevation changes and flow velocities during a glacier surge of the Khurdopin Glacier in 2017. Results reveal that an accumulation of ice volume above a clearly defined steep section of the glacier tongue since the last surge in 1999 eventually led to a rapid surge in May 2017 peaking with velocities above 5000 m a −1 , which were among the fastest rates globally for a mountain glacier. Our data reveal that velocities on the lower tongue increase steadily during a 4-year build-up phase prior to the actual surge only to then rapidly peak and decrease again within a few months, which confirms earlier observations with a higher frequency of available velocity data. The surge return period between the reported surges remains relatively constant at ca. 20 years. We show the potential of a combination of repeat Planet and ASTER imagery to (a) capture peak surge velocities that are easily missed by less frequent Landsat imagery, (b) observe surface changes that indicate potential drivers of a surge and (c) monitor hazards associated with a surge. At Khurdopin specifically, we observe that the surging glacier blocks the river in the valley and causes a lake to form, which may grow in subsequent years and could pose threats to downstream settlements and infrastructure in the case of a sudden breach.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Hydrology and Hazardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brief communication: The Khurdopin glacier surge revisited – extreme flow velocities and formation of a dammed lake in 2017

et al. 2018

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“…sub-glacial lakes, supra glacial lakes, englacial lakes or proglacial lakes. Among various types of glacial lakes, some are formed at the terminus of the glacier due to damming by moraine, brought down by glacier movement across the channel of glacier melt water, if there is a steady rise in the ablation rates of glaciers 6,8,9 . Large proglacial moraine dammed lakes (MDLs) can only form where debris supply at the glacier margin is greater than the capacity of melt stream to transport sediments away and affects glacier mass balance and hydrology 10,11 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring of Moraine-Dammed Lakes: A Remote Sensing-Based Study in the Western Himalaya

Rathore¹,

Singh²,

Brahmbhatt³

et al. 2015

Current Science

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Monitoring of lakes in glaciated terrain in the HimaGepang-gath glaciers respectively. Increase in peak discharge of the two lakes was also estimated using different empirical models in case of outbursts of these lakes. The lake outburst probability for both these lakes was found to be very low (less than 1%), however, possibility of outburst of lakes due to natural calamity like cloud burst, landslide or earthquake cannot be ignored. The rate of retreat of these two glaciers was observed to be high due to the presence of MDLs in comparison to surrounding glaciers in the valley.

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“…Within the Hindu Kush-Karakoram range, only cases of ice-dammed lake outburst were found (Hewitt and Liu 2010;Iturrizaga 2005). These lakes are situated in upper parts of two basins: Indus and Yarkant, and floods caused by sudden drainage of these lakes have been regularly recorded by local population of downstream villages since 1830s.…”

Section: Analysis Of Glofsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multilevel analysis of health risk behaviour in Czech teenagers

Spilková¹,

Pikhart²,

Dzúrová³

2015

Auc Geographica

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Glacial lake outburst flood (or shortly GLOF) has become a well-known phenomenon, one of natural hazards occurring in glaciated high mountain areas of the world. The aim of this study was to investigate temporal distribution of these events in Asia and to assess causes of lake outbursts. Therefore, a search of scientific literature and reports was carried out resulting in 219 flood cases found. In order to detect possible differences in temporal distribution a group of ice-dammed lakes was detached and compared with the rest. Concerning spatial distribution of GLOFs, it is influenced by availability of scientific literature which is determined by research teams' region interest. Temporal analysis revealed a certain pattern in ice-dammed lake outburst distribution and notable difference between the two lake groups in terms of outburst occurrence within a year. The moraine-dammed lake outbursts were recorded earlier in an ablation season (compared to ice-dammed lakes) which could be attributed to different mechanism of dam failure. Majority of lake outburst causes were included in the category of dynamic causes (e.g. ice avalanche), long-term causes (e.g. dead-ice melting) were less represented. Results of the study imply there can be notable variations of temporal distribution and causes of GLOFs among individual mountain regions even within one continent. Therefore, varying behavior of potentially dangerous lakes should be taken into consideration when, for instance, proposing mitigation measures.

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New observations on present and prehistorical glacier-dammed lakes in the Shimshal valley (Karakoram Mountains)

Cited by 40 publications

References 11 publications

Brief communication: The Khurdopin glacier surge revisited – extreme flow velocities and formation of a dammed lake in 2017

Brief communication: The Khurdopin glacier surge revisited – extreme flow velocities and formation of a dammed lake in 2017

Monitoring of Moraine-Dammed Lakes: A Remote Sensing-Based Study in the Western Himalaya

Multilevel analysis of health risk behaviour in Czech teenagers

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