New Nomenclature for Extra Canals Based on Four Reported Cases of Maxillary First Molars with Six Canals

Maxillary First Molar with One C-Shaped Fused Root Diagnosed with Cone-Beam Computed Tomography: A Case Report

“…The orifices, before you used ultrasonic tips to clean pulp chamber and small size files to explore root canal orifices. And some skills are advised such as looking for hemorrhagic spots, doing champagne or bubble test with sodium hypochlorite, modifying the conventional outline form to include the extra canals [16]. The connecting isthmus may be closure to the buccal or lingual side resulting in uncommon root canal orifices distribution [17].…”

Morphologic Variations of Maxillary Molars Palatal Root and the Importance of Its Knowledge for Endodontic Practice: A Case Series

“…5,6,[9][10][11] This occurrence must be investigated, since not observing a canal during endodontic therapy is a major cause of treatment failure. 7 According to the literature, [8][9][10][12][13][14][15][16][17] the observation of two canals in maxillary first molars ranges from 0 to 5.50%, and the observation of two independent foramens from 0 to 4%.…”

Endodontic Management and Cone Beam Computed Tomography Assessment in a Four Rooted Maxillary First Molar

“…The distobuccal root is generally rounded or ovoid in cross section and usually contains a single canal. Variations of two or more canals do also exist [1,3,4,5,6]. The palatal root is more broad mesiodistally than buccolingually and ovoidal in shape but normally contains only a single canal.…”

“…The palatal root is more broad mesiodistally than buccolingually and ovoidal in shape but normally contains only a single canal. More rarely the palatal root exhibits anatomical diversification of root canal system with two or more canals [4,5,6,7]. Among the three roots, the least to show unusual morphology is the palatal root [8,9,10].…”

“…Extensive studies and case reports regarding the unusual anatomical variation and configuration of the root canal system in maxillary first molars have been illustrated. These include a single root canal in a single root [11,12], two root canals [13], five root canals [14,15,16,17,18], six root canals [19,20,21], seven root canals [22], eight root canals [1], Cshaped canals [23,24], fusion of two buccal roots [25], fusion of two buccal roots with two palatal roots [26], four roots including an additional palatal root [27][28][29][30][31][32][33] and also five roots [31]. There are innumerable case reports and clinical studies of maxillary first molar on varied root canal morphology.…”