New Nanocomposite System with Nanocrystalline Apatite Embedded into Mesoporous Bioactive Glass

Abstract

Crystalline nanoparticles are very attractive building blocks for the preparation of nanostructured materials. These particles can be dispersed in different noncrystalline mesostructured matrixes in order to obtain nanocomposite systems which combine the properties of both components broadening their functionality. In the present study, a novel nanocomposite bioceramic formed by nanocrystalline apatite particles uniformly embedded into a mesostructured SiO 2 −CaO−P 2 O 5 glass wall has been synthesized through the evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA) method, commonly used for mesoporous bioactive glass synthesis, but accelerating the sol−gel apatite crystallization rate by strong acidification. Moreover, the use of F127 surfactant as a structure directing agent in this synthesis has allowed the homogeneous nanocrystalline apatite particles incorporation inside of the amorphous mesoporous glass. In vitro bioactive assays have shown a fast apatite-like phase formation similar to that exhibited by mesoporous bioactive glasses. Furthermore, the response of L929 fibroblasts and Saos-2 osteoblasts to this new nanocomposite has indicated a significant improvement in its biocompatibility compared with conventional mesoporous bioactive glasses.

Early in vitro response of macrophages and T lymphocytes to nanocrystalline hydroxyapatites

“…In conclusion, the effects observed in the present study with nano-HA and nano-SiHA on macrophages and lymphocytes are characteristic for these materials and for the cell types used in this study. All these references (37)(38)(39) …”

“…As it has been indicated above, different cellular responses are obtained depending on each biomaterial and depending on each cell type (references [37][38][39] …”

Tailoring hierarchical meso–macroporous 3D scaffolds: from nano to macro

“…N 2 isotherms (Table 1) demonstrate the presence of a very narrow distribution of large mesopores centred at 10 nm, with a surface area and pore volume of 123 m 2 /g and 0.2 cm 3 /g, respectively. Compared to the powder MGHA nanocomposite, the results obtained for the MGHA 3D scaffolds reveal a notable increase in pore size, from 8.0 nm for powder nanocomposite 22 to 10 nm for scaffold, accompanied by a decrease both in surface area and pore volume. This increase in pore size can be attributed to MC incorporation during the synthesis process.…”

“…20,21 Recently, a nanocomposite bioceramic (MGHA), formed by particles of nanocrystalline apatite embedded into amorphous mesoporous bioactive glass in the SiO 2 -P 2 O 5 -CaO system, has been reported. 22 Due to the synergy of the features of its two components, including (i) ordered mesoporous arrangement with pores of 8 nm, (ii) high surface area and pore volume, (iii) high bioactivity, (iv) presence of nanocrystalline apatite particles homogeneously distributed, and (v) improved in vitro biocompatibility, this nanocomposite material is an excellent candidate for bone tissue engineering. However, with this objective, it is necessary to obtain 3D macroporous scaffolds based on this nanostructured material with the porosity ranges required for proper cell colonization, preserving the intrinsic characteristics of both components during the scaffolds manufacturing process.…”

Degradability, bioactivity, and osteogenesis of biocomposite scaffolds of lithium-containing mesoporous bioglass and mPEG-PLGA-b-PLL copolymer

“…9,10 The large surface area and high pore volume of MBG result in higher surface chemical reactivity compared with normal bioglasses (BGs) without mesopores. 11,12 Lithium (Li) has been widely used as a long-term mood stabilizer in the treatment of bipolar and depressive disorders for 50 years. 13 Li+ ions can stimulate the osteogenic differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) through activation of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway in vitro.…”