New ‘multi-site’ phase transfer catalyst for the addition of dichlorocarbene to styrene

Catalytic Potential of a New Polymer-Anchored Multisite Phase Transfer Catalyst in the Dichlorocarbene Addition to Indene

“…In order to cater to these needs, ''multisite'' phase transfer catalysts (MPTC) have been developed. Idoux et al [37] and Balakrishnan et al [38,39] synthesized multisite phase transfer catalyst as soluble and polymer-supported catalysts. Benaglia et al [40] has reported alkylation reactions catalyzed by polymer-supported multisite phase transfer catalysts.…”

“…Dihalocyclopropane can be generated only under strictly anhydrous conditions because of their ready and rapid hydrolysis of dihalocyclopropane. These predicaments can be eliminated when the reaction is carried out in bi-phase systems involving aqueous NaOH in the presence of ''single-site'' PTC's and in particular MPTC's [38].…”

New soluble multi-site phase transfer catalysts and their catalysis for dichlorocarbene addition to citronellal assisted by ultrasound—A kinetic study

“…This observation may be due to the presence of more number of active sites in the MPTC and higher concentration of substrate had co-operatively influenced the reaction and thus enhanced the more number of contacts between catalyst and substrate and hence reflected in enhanced k obs . Balakrishnan et al reported similar results in the study of Calkylation of phenylacetone [62] and phenylacetonitrile [8] with n-bromobutane using PTC. Recently, Murugan et al [14,18] have also reported the same dependency of rate constants for the dichlorocarbene addition to citral and ␣-pinene using MPTC.…”

“…This kind of observation was reported earlier by Landini et al [61] in the study of n-octylmethane sulfonate catalyzed by quaternary salts Q + X − under the PTC condition in a chlorobenzene-water biphasic medium. Balakrishnan et al [8,62] reported the same trend in dichlorocarbene addition to styrene and in the study of C-alkylation of phenylacetone using ethyl iodide. Wang et al [11,63] observed a similar behavior in the kinetic study of dichlorocyclopropanation of 4-vinyl-1-cyclohexene and in the dichlorocarbene addition to allyl phenyl ether and proposed an interfacial mechanism.…”

“…Especially, nowadays much emphasis has been given to economy of scale and efficiency of onium salts particularly for the industrial scale preparation of organic compounds. Balakrishnan et al [8][9][10] have developed soluble multi-site phase transfer catalyst containing two and three active sites to catalyze the various organic reactions. Wang et al [11,12] also reported a kinetic study of dichlorocyclopropanation of 4-vinylcyclohexne and etherification of 4,4 -bis(chloromethyl)-1,1 -biphenyl and 1-butanol catalyzed by using new soluble MPTC containing two active sites and showed that MPTC exhibits more reactivity than single-site PTC.…”