New molecular detection methods of malaria parasites with multiple genes from genomes

Gupta, Himanshu; Srivastava, Sachi; Chaudhari, Sima; Vasudevan, Thanvanthri Gururajan; Hande, Manjunath; D’Souza, Sydney C.; Umakanth, Shashikiran; Satyamoorthy, Kapaettu

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.04.013

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Thus, its availability is limited to well-resourced reference facilities. PCR malaria detection has been based on several different target genes [ 18 ] but the majority of molecular diagnostic tools still rely on 18S rRNA gene because it is specific, conserved in all Plasmodium species, and has about 5 to 7 copies per Plasmodium genome, improving detection sensitivity [ 6 , 19 , 20 ]. Real-Time PCR assays have high sensitivity and specificity, and they are used to confirm ambiguous microscopic results and to identify mixed infections [ 6 , 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High prevalence of malaria in a non-endemic setting: comparison of diagnostic tools and patient outcome during a four-year survey (2013–2017)

Calderaro

Piccolo

Montecchini

et al. 2018

Malar J

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BackgroundMalaria is no longer endemic in Italy since 1970 when the World Health Organization declared Italy malaria-free, but it is now the most commonly imported disease. The aim of the study was to analyse the trend of imported malaria cases in Parma, Italy, during January 2013–June 2017, reporting also the treatment and the outcome of cases, exploring the comparison of the three diagnostic tests used for malaria diagnosis: microscopy, immunochromatographic assay (ICT) (BinaxNOW®) and Real-time PCR assays detecting Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium malariae, Plasmodium ovale curtisi, Plasmodium ovale wallikeri, and Plasmodium knowlesi.ResultsOf the 288 patients with suspected malaria, 87 were positive by microscopy: 73 P. falciparum, 2 P. vivax, 8 P. ovale, 1 P. vivax/P. ovale, 1 P. malariae and 2 Plasmodium sp. All samples were positive by ICT except 6. Plasmodial DNA was revealed in the 87 cases and in 2 additional cases showing P. falciparum-specific bands by ICT, as follows: 75 P. falciparum, 2 P. vivax, 6 P. ovale curtisi, 3 P. ovale wallikeri, 1 P. malariae, and 2 mixed infections. 72 patients were foreigners and 17 Italians travelling for tourism or business. The majority of these patients presented with fever at blood collection and did not have chemoprophylaxis. No fatal cases were observed and the drug mostly used was quinine observing a negative blood smear or a parasitaemia < 0.001% after 48–72 h’ therapy.ConclusionsThe study shows an update and a thorough analysis of imported malaria cases in the area of Parma during 4.5 years from the point of view of the total case management, clinical and diagnostic. The prevalence of malaria in such area in the considered period was especially due to immigrants mostly from Africa. Molecular methods were more sensitive and specific than microscopy and ICT, both detecting additional cases of P. falciparum malaria missed by microscopy and correctly identifying the Plasmodium species of medical interest. The data reported in this study may stimulate the clinicians in non-endemic areas to suspect malaria also in cases, where the most typical symptoms are absent, and the parasitologists to confirm the results of microscopy, remaining the reference method, with molecular methods to avoid misdiagnosis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High prevalence of malaria in a non-endemic setting: comparison of diagnostic tools and patient outcome during a four-year survey (2013–2017)

Calderaro

Piccolo

Montecchini

et al. 2018

Malar J

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“…The benign nature of Pv infections has been widely challenged over the recent years, and studies using stringent diagnosis techniques demonstrated a similar risk of severe disease and death as with Pf [30].A comprehensive clinical characterization of acute Pv infection relying on molecular tools is pivotal to better understand the pathogenetic mechanisms leading to severe disease and inform not only clinical management but also new adjunct therapies. In endemic areas with low parasite densities and transmission where Pv is becoming the dominant species [31], the use of PCR-based assays is highly recommended as microscopy is not sensitive enough for routine malaria screening [9,11,32,33]. We therefore focused solely on PCR-positive patients in this study, as precise data on Pv burden is crucial to designing and implementing effective malaria control and elimination policies in India, where the Government has set an elimination target for 2030 [34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and epidemiological characterization of severe Plasmodium vivax malaria in Gujarat, India

et al. 2020

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The mounting evidence supporting the capacity of Plasmodium vivax to cause severe disease has prompted the need for a better characterization of the resulting clinical complications. India is making progress with reducing malaria, but epidemics of severe vivax malaria in Gujarat, one of the main contributors to the vivax malaria burden in the country, have been reported recently and may be the result of a decrease in transmission and immune development. Over a period of one year, we enrolled severe malaria patients admitted at the Civil Hospital in Ahmedabad, the largest city in Gujarat, to investigate the morbidity of severe vivax malaria compared to severe falciparum malaria. Patients were submitted to standard thorough clinical and laboratory investigations and only PCR-confirmed infections were selected for the present study. Severevivax malaria (30 patients) was more frequent than severe falciparum malaria (8 patients) in our setting, and it predominantly affected adults (median age 32 years, interquartile range 22.5 years). This suggests a potential age shift in anti-malarial immunity, likely to result from the recent decrease in transmission across India. The clinical presentation of severe vivax patients was in line with previous reports, with jaundice as the most common complication. Our findings further support the need for epidemiological studies combining clinical characterization of severe vivax malaria and serological evaluation of exposure markers to monitor the impact of elimination programmes.

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“…Several PCR-based malaria detection systems were also found to be much more sensitive than the ELISA-based detection system and can easily be incorporated in blood banks with a near 100% detection rate at a parasitaemia level of only 0·1-0·25p/ L (Gupta et al, 2016;de Freitas et al, 2014) with substantial financial cost.…”

Section: Dear Sirmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of malaria antigen positivity among blood donors in a regional blood transfusion centre in western India

Ghosh

Mishra

Patel

et al. 2016

Transfusion Medicine

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New molecular detection methods of malaria parasites with multiple genes from genomes

Cited by 15 publications

References 37 publications

High prevalence of malaria in a non-endemic setting: comparison of diagnostic tools and patient outcome during a four-year survey (2013–2017)

High prevalence of malaria in a non-endemic setting: comparison of diagnostic tools and patient outcome during a four-year survey (2013–2017)

Clinical and epidemiological characterization of severe Plasmodium vivax malaria in Gujarat, India

Prevalence of malaria antigen positivity among blood donors in a regional blood transfusion centre in western India

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