New model for the active directional coupler

Pucel, B.; Riviere, L.; Bihan, Jean Le

doi:10.1109/50.511679

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…In fact, the only reason that Cummings was able to obtain the results reported in Ref. 3.3 was due to the Aß and light scattering introduced by the mouse bites! The new modulator, without the mouse bites, was too insensitive to bias properly.…”

Section: Comparison Of Experimental and Theoretical Diffusion Depths 78mentioning

confidence: 87%

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Wave-Coupled Millimeter-Wave Electro-Optic Techniques

Bridges¹,

Burrows²,

Cummings³

2001

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AGENCY USE ONLY (Leaveblank)2. REPORT DATE MARCH 2001 REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVEREDFinal Report Feb 96 -Jun 00 TITLE AND SUBTITLE WAVE-COUPLED MILLIMETER-WAVE ELECTRO-OPTIC TECHNIQUES AUTHOR(S)William B. Bridges, Lee J. Burrows, and Uri V. Cummings FUNDING NUMBERSC -F30602-96-C-O020 PE-63726F PR-2863 TA-92 WU-81 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)California Institute of Technology Office of Sponsored Programs 1201 East California Blvd, MC 213-6 Pasadena CA 91125 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBERN/A SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)Air 12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words)This report details results on two antenna-coupled millimeter-wave electro-optic modulators, the slot-vee antenna-coupled modulator and a 94 GHz directional coupler modulator. The slot-vee-coupled modulator gave 0.17 m-squared per Watt sensitivity, but known defects in the chip imply much better performance is possible. The 94 GHz directional coupler improvements anticipated were not realized due to fabrication problems. A detailed theoretical study of the effects of velocity mismatch on linearized electr-optic modulators was made and the results published. A key result was that directional-coupler based modulators were found to be significantly more easily degraded than some Mach-Zehnder-based modulators. An experimental study of bias drift in electro-optic modulators was made and protons were determined to be the cause. Several inventions were made to reduce or eliminate proton-caused bias drift. Gain of Y-fed DCM below 6 = 1.5 n 42 SUBJECT TERMSComparison of vee and slot-vee antennas on a dielectric substrate 46Schematic drawing of slot-vee antenna elements overlaying one waveguide of a Mach-Zehnder modulator 48Schematic view of the slot-vee modulator 49Schematic drawing of the slot-vee modulator and its microwave feed system 50Antenna mask for 5 slot-vee modulators 51Assembly drawing of modulator support and feed structure 54Photograph of slot-vee modulator test setup with fiber-input coupling and lens output coupling 55 in List Of Tables Table 6.1 Comparison of Experimental and Theoretical Diffusion Depths 78 IV EXECUTIVE SUMMARYThis report documents the progress made in improving antenna-coupled modulators for mmwave, analyzing linearized modulators, and studying and countering bias drift in electro-optic modulators.We demonstrated for the first time a modulator at 24 GHz using the slot-vee antenna coupled arrangement suggested by F. T. Sheehy in a previous Rome Laboratory contract. The actual performance was measured as 0.17 m 2 /Watt, comparable to other antenna coupled modulators we have built. However, known defects in this particular chip suggest that future performance would be much better, comparable to commercial low microwave frequency modulators.Our attempts to correct the known defects in the 94 GHz directional coupler modulator first demonstrated in the previous contract were unsuccessful, due to difficulties in developing the skills needed to transfer the fabrication tec...

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Section: Comparison Of Experimental and Theoretical Diffusion Depths 78mentioning

confidence: 87%

“…3 2) A suboctave directional coupler modulator (SDCM), i.e., a directional coupler biased at 0.79V, istead of 0.43V» as described in [1]. Unlike the MZM, in the directional coupler, the intermodulation product nulls at a different voltage (0.79V.)…”

Section: Suboctave Llneartzed Modulatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wave-Coupled Millimeter-Wave Electro-Optic Techniques

Bridges¹,

Burrows²,

Cummings³

2001

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“…3 2) A suboctave directional coupler modulator (SDCM), i.e., a directional coupler biased at istead of as described in [1]. Unlike the MZM, in the directional coupler, the intermodulation product nulls at a different voltage ( ) than the signal ( ).…”

Section: Suboctave Linearized Modulatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bandwidth of linearized electrooptic modulators

Cummings

Bridges

1998

J. Lightwave Technol.

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Abstract-Many schemes have been proposed to make high dynamic range analog radio frequency (RF) photonic links by linearizing the transfer function of the link's modulator. This paper studies the degrading effects of finite transit time and optical and electrical velocity dispersion on such linearization schemes. It further demonstrates that much of the lost dynamic range in some modulators may be regained by segmenting and rephasing the RF transmission line.

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Quantum statistics and dynamics of Kerr nonlinear couplers

Korolkova

Peřina

1997

Optics Communications

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New model for the active directional coupler

Cited by 4 publications

References 5 publications

Wave-Coupled Millimeter-Wave Electro-Optic Techniques

Wave-Coupled Millimeter-Wave Electro-Optic Techniques

Bandwidth of linearized electrooptic modulators

Quantum statistics and dynamics of Kerr nonlinear couplers

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