New Methods on Old Castles: Generating New Ways of Seeing

Mathieu, James R

doi:10.1080/00766097.1999.11735627

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…7). Na příkladu několika anglických hradů tak byla prokázána téměř úplná parita mezi provozními a reprezentativními místnostmi (Mathieu 1999). Důraz na funkční uspořádání sídel, nikoli jen na formální podobu a dispoziční řešení může být jednou z hlavních inspirací pro českou kastelologii.…”

Section: Perspektivní Otázky a Metody A Jejich Reflexeunclassified

Současné otázky evropské kastelologie a jejich reflexe v českém prostřed

Novák¹

2019

Archaeologia Historica

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Abstrakt: Studium feudální společnosti nelze redukovat na úzký národní nebo středoevropský pohled, je rovněž důležité zajímat se o teoretické koncepty již delší dobu diskutované napříč západní Evropou, kam jsou kladeny kořeny klasického feudalismu. Příspěvek se pokouší najít perspektivně se rozvíjející směry bádání jako podklad k možné budoucí diskusi. Cílem textu není shrnout veškeré pohledy probíhající napříč evropskými státy, ale najít ty, které nesou potenciál formovat způsoby myšlení současné badatelské generace. Tyto postoje se však nedotýkají pouze studia elitních sídel, postihují mnohem širší spektrum otázek archeologie středověku.Klíčová slova: sídla elit -středověk -novověk -koncepce výzkumu. Current issues of European castellology and their reflection in the Czech milieuAbstract: The study of feudal society cannot be reduced to narrow national or central European views; it is also important to focus on the theoretical concepts that have been long discussed across western Europe, where the roots of classic feudalism are sought. This contribution attempts to define prospective directions in research as groundwork for the future debate. Its main objective is not to summarize all opinions existing across Europe but to find those that have the potential for shaping the thinking of the current generation of researchers. These attitudes, however, do not just regard the study of the seats of social elites but involve a much broader spectrum of issues in the field of medieval archaeology. Key words: seats of elites -Middle Ages -early modern age -research concepts.1 "Pokud ‚kastellologie' nemá přesněji stanovený obsah a pracovní postupy, neměl by se tento neurčitý pojem nadužívat, jak je tomu dnes. Za současné situace pojem ‚kastellologie' u nás vyjadřuje spíše zájmovou oblast (včetně amatérské) studia konkrétní matérie, tedy hradů, než vědní obor s jeho nezbytnými atributy. (…) Namísto často vágní ‚kastellologie' bychom měli hrady týmově zkoumat pomocí všeobecně uznaných metod a postupů příslušných vědních oborů a stále důkladně zvažovat, k jakým závěrům nás opravňuje současná míra poznání každé které z lokalit" (Razím 2004, 209). Archaeologia historica 44, 1, 2019, 7-27 https://doi.org/10.5817/AH2019-1-1 Obr. 2. Středověká krajinná koncepce v okolí sídla Hesdin, Artois (Francie). Převzato z Creighton 2009, 13. Abb. 2. Mittelalterliche Landschaftskonzeption in der Umgebung des Sitzes Hesdin, Artois (Frankreich). Entnommen aus Creighton 2009, 13.

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Section: Perspektivní Otázky a Metody A Jejich Reflexeunclassified

Současné otázky evropské kastelologie a jejich reflexe v českém prostřed

Novák¹

2019

Archaeologia Historica

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“…In comparison with material culture and environmental information derived from excavation, and combined with documentary study, analysis of building layouts and access (Mathieu 1999) will enable consideration of more complex social and experiential (Johnson 2002) questions about castle communities, along the lines of Gilchrist's investigation of gender roles for example (1999a: 109-45;also Richardson 2003), or in terms of vertical social status. Understanding of castle culture at this level of detail would allow further comparison with groups beyond castle walls, and indeed with their hinterlands in urban and rural contexts (see Creighton 2005;Creighton and Liddiard [2008] propose a research agenda for castles combining excavation and landscape studies and non-intrusive fieldwork), but only if similarly detailed and comprehensive data were equally available from other walks of life.…”

Section: Consultation Draft October 2012mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Medieval Period

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with the documentary evidence in order to take note of individuals and their activities in the past. Canterbury is of course especially fortunate in this regard because of the quality of surviving records, but it would be highly informative to apply such methods (where the sources allow) to other towns and more rural situations and compare what the different types of evidence are telling us. A number of site-focussed historical studies will have been carried out as part of PPG15, PPG16 and PPS5 related work elsewhere, particularly as part of desk-based assessments. This type of work would contribute much to broader synthesis if it can be extracted from the large (and growing) corpus of grey literature. Such evidence can be complemented by comparison of aerial photographs, cartographic evidence (regression analyses of post-medieval maps on a local scale, as well as more stylised maps of the period: see Brandon and Short 1990, Plate 2.6 for example) and place-name evidence (including field and wood names etc. that potentially refer to local medieval topography). In the latter case it would appear significant, for example, that '-den' names have a Kent focus, with numbers generally decreasing quite sharply at what is still the Wealden county boundary with East Sussex (Everitt 1986: 35; Brandon and Short 1990: 25; cf. East Sussex '-field' names). Such differences may even represent ethnic boundaries in the more distant past. Evidence of medieval life and culture derived from literature and art, such as Psalters, or the Canterbury abbey and Chertsey Cartulary maps (c. 1165 and 1432 respectively), should also be admissible, but such information needs to be interpreted carefully. As well as original biases, literary tropes and artistic conventions must be taken into account. Chaucer's evocation of socially stratified pilgrims travelling through Kent, for example, is best seen within the context of 'estates' literature, presenting highly stylised social portraits (see Rigby 1996: Chapter 1). Archaeological, environmental and finds evidence Archaeological evidence is vital if we are to have any hope of reconstructing those many aspects of medieval society in the region that were simply not recorded in contemporary documents: much should be considered 'prehistoric', even at this period (a wooden harpoon found near Chichester is especially eloquent of this: see Allen and Pettit 1997). Turner's general comment applied to Surrey is relevant to the region as a whole: '(T)here are many pre-or proto-literate aspects…that can only be illuminated by archaeological methods. There are many gaps in the documentary record, particularly at the local level, and many parts of society did not participate in the record-making process at all.' (1987: 223).

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“…While archae-the former approach, space syntax, in an effort to ologists are frequently denied access to many quantify and evaluate the ways that movement into aspects of the lives of past peoples, we are and through buildings and settlements is controlled bequeathed an abundance of spaces in which those (Cutting 2003;Dawson 2002;Ferguson 1996; Foslives unfolded through time. As such, scholars have ter 1989; Gilchrist 1988;Mathieu 1999; Moore long observed the important role that space, par -1992;Shapiro 1999;Stuardo 2003; Van Dyke ticularly built space, has played in organizing inter-1999). The use of this method in archaeology is action and establishing boundaries, be they between often referred to as access analysis, social groups or natural and cultural environments I evaluate access analysis for its usefulness in (e.g., Ashmore 1991;Bourdieu 1973; Hillier and illuminating patterns of spatial organization, con- Hanson 1984;Ingold 1993;Lawrence and Low trol over movement, and social practice within 1990;Scarborough 1998;Smith 2003;Tilley 1994; house groups at the Late to Terminal Classic (A.D. Willey 1953(A.D. Willey ,1965.…”

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confidence: 99%