New Methods of Plant Breeding

Oliver, George Watson

doi:10.1093/jhered/os-6.1.11

Cited by 7 publications

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“…Hence, hybridization success is determined by the effectiveness of the emasculation/depollination procedure. Oliver (1910) used a thin stream of water to remove pollen and variations of this technique are commonly used today (Ryder, 1986). Manual removal of the anthers with forceps was described by Ernst-Schwarzenbach (1932).…”

Section: Literature Citedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pearson (1962) clipped off the corolla tips of the florets in the early morning, removing most of the anther sheath. Ryder and Johnson (1974) used an intermittent fine mist for depollination, which was a modification of the method used by Oliver (1910). Success levels for all methods described ranged from 10% to 100%.…”

Section: Literature Citedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eight phenotypically different parents were crossed in several combinations (Table 1). The clip and wash procedure was compared to the wash method of Oliver (1910) and the clip method of Pearson (1962). Results of the mist procedure (Ryder and Johnson, 1974) were not included due to the high rate of flower abortion associated with this technique in my study.…”

Section: Literature Citedmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clip-and-wash Method of Emasculation for Lettuce

Nagata¹

1992

HortSci

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Complete (100%) hybridization in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) was accomplished consistently using the clip-and-wash method of emasculation. The clip-and-wash method is a combination of washing and clipping, two previously described procedures for pollen removal. The wash and the clip methods produced 98% and 95% hybridization, respectively. The method is quick and easy and eliminates inadvertent self pollination; with it one can produce the many hybrid seeds necessary for backcross and F1 genetic analysis in lettuce.

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Section: Literature Citedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Literature Citedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Literature Citedmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clip-and-wash Method of Emasculation for Lettuce

Nagata¹

1992

HortSci

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“…EXPERIMENTAL LAYOUT. Crosses were made for this genetic study using the method of Oliver (1910) as modified by Ryder and Johnson (1974). 'Emperor' was used as the resistant parent and 'Eldorado' was used as the susceptible parent.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rib Discoloration in F2 Populations of Crisphead Lettuce in Relation to Head Maturity

Jenni¹,

Koeyer²,

Emery³

2008

J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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Rib discoloration is a physiological disorder associated with heat stress in crisphead lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Rib discoloration resistance was studied in a 2-year field experiment using parental and F2 plant populations from a cross of ‘Emperor’, a resistant cultivar, and ‘Eldorado’, a susceptible cultivar. Rib discoloration was evaluated in terms of incidence (percentage of plants with symptoms) and severity (on a 1–5 scale) and was correlated with maturity traits. The rib discoloration severity ratings for the two reciprocal F2 populations were intermediate between the two parents and were not significantly different, indicating the lack of cytoplasmic inheritance for rib discoloration in ‘Emperor’ and ‘Eldorado’. In both parents and F2 progenies, rib discoloration severity was strongly correlated with stem length, head height, head diameter, and head weight, but not with head density. In the resistant parent, more severe rib discoloration was associated with denser heads, whereas in the susceptible parent, the expression of the disorder was independent of head density. The chi-square tests rejected the hypothesis for monogenic segregation in some plantings but not in others. Resistance to rib discoloration is likely to be controlled by more than one gene with a high heritability (h2 = 0.57, P < 0.0001).

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“…Crossing Large -flowered Legumes. Oliver (1910) "In the evening it is found that the buds which will expand the next morning are quite large and easily manipulated in emasculating (A).…”

Section: Controlling Pollination 71mentioning

confidence: 99%

Breeding crop plants

Hayes¹,

Garber²

1921

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Classification and inheritance in barley Species crosses 99 Simple Mendelian characters Winter versus spring habit 103 Density of the spike 103 The barley awn in relation to yield Some rye studies Wheat-rye hybrids Buckwheat Breeding buckwheat Rice Inheritance of characters CHAPTER VIII METHODS OF BREEDING SMALL GRAINS Method of keeping continuous records Ill New introductions 113 Select'on 114 Summary of methods of selection 115 Crossing 116 Technic of harvesting, thrashing, etc CHAPTER IX SOME RESULTS OF SELECTION WITH SELF-FERTILIZED CROPS Early investigators in selection of self-fertilized cereals Selection within a pure line Selection for the purpose of isolating a pure line 125 2 BREEDING CROP PLANTS times by primitive peoples who developed many varieties. As some of the varieties which were then grown are in existence today and are cultivated in some regions, a little idea of earlier work is obtained. Coming now more nearly to present times we may briefly consider the work of the Indians with maize. Piper speaks of the plan by which seeds of different colors were planted together in one hill with the thought that this method gave increased yields. It tended to keep the varieties in a heterozygous condition. During the last three or four years Squaw Flint from the Indian reservations in Minnesota has averaged as large a yield per acre at University Farm, St. Paul, as the more carefully selected varieties. These facts should help to give the student of plant-breeding some idea of the great accomplishments in plant production in earlier times and to correct possible exaggeration of relative values of the results of recent work. Present-day breeding has achieved great results and will accomplish much more; the foundation, however, was laid many years ago. THE FOUNDERS OF THE ART OF PLANT BREEDING The relation between the science and the art of plant breeding is a very interesting subject. Through many years of trials, methods are improved; and a correct knowledge of the fundamentals of the science often does not widely modify the actual practice involved. As a rule, scientific principles allow some short cuts in breeding methods and help to eliminate erroneous and useless practices. As will be constantly emphasized in this work, there is a close relation between the mode of reproduction and the methods of breeding a plant. A knowledge of sexuality was, therefore, almost a necessity before it was possible to develop the art of breeding. Sexual processes, while not thoroughly understood, were observed in animals three or four centuries B.C. by the Egyptians and Assyrians. Existence of fruit-bearing and sterile trees of the date palm was known to the people of Egypt and Mesopotamia in early times and records of artificial pollination as early as 700 years B.C. have been found (see Fig. 1). The Assyrians commonly referred to the date trees as male and female. The Greeks, however, to whom we look for early FIG. 2. Male and female flowers of date palm about two times natural size. (Photograph taken by Swingle in Sah...

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New Methods of Plant Breeding

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Clip-and-wash Method of Emasculation for Lettuce

Clip-and-wash Method of Emasculation for Lettuce

Rib Discoloration in F2 Populations of Crisphead Lettuce in Relation to Head Maturity

Breeding crop plants

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