– New methods Modified bacterial cellulose tubes for regeneration of damaged peripheral nerves

Abstract

IntroductionThe subject of the experiment was bacterial nanocellulose, a natural polymer produced by bacteria – Gluconacetobacter xylinus. Following a specific modification process a cartilage-like material for restoration of damaged tissues may be produced. The obtained implants with excellent biocompatibility, mouldability, biophysical and chemical properties perfectly fit the needs of reconstructive surgery. The goal of the experiment was to develop and analyze cellulosic guidance channels in vivo for the reconstruction of damaged peripheral nerves.Material and methodsThe experiments were conducted on Wistar rats, femoral nerve. Cellulose was produced according to a self-patented method. In the experimental group tubulization was applied, whereas in the control traditional end-to-end connection was used. Observation time was 30, 60, 90, and 180 days. Results evaluation included histological analysis and postoperative observation of motor recovery.ResultsThe overgrowth of connective tissue and disorganisation of neural structures was evident in 86.67% of control specimens, while for cellulosic group it was only 35% (p = 0.0022). Tubulization prevented the excessive proliferation of connective tissue and isolated from penetration with scar tissue. Autocannibalism, being probably an evidence of neurotrophic factors amassment, was observed in cellulosic group but not in the control one. Motor recovery did not differ significantly (p > 0.05). Biocompatibility of implants was affirmed by very small level of tissue response and susceptibility to vascularisation.ConclusionsCellulosic neurotubes effectively prevent the formation of neuromas. They are of very good biocompatibility and allow the accumulation of neurotrophic factors inside, thus facilitating the process of nerve regeneration.

Through-thickness stress relaxation in bacterial cellulose hydrogel

“…and in-vitro tissue regeneration (e.g. cortical bone [12], muscle [13,14], peripheral nerves [15], etc.). Still, the incomplete knowledge of their mechanical characteristics, especially time-dependent behaviour, complicates understanding of their performance under various loading conditions.…”

Inelastic behaviour of bacterial cellulose hydrogel: In aqua cyclic tests

“…1a-1c. Such materials are being increasing sought for biomedical applications [1]; BC hydrogels can be used for artificial blood vessels [2], ear cartilage implants [3], encasement for tissue regeneration [4][5][6][7], etc. The main advantages of a BC hydrogel, allowing using it in these biomedical applications, are its perfect biological compatibility and its microstructure [8].…”

Time-dependent rheological behaviour of bacterial cellulose hydrogel

“…1a) is known for its excellent biocompatibility (Shi et al, 2014). It makes BC hydrogels a potential material for various bioengineering applications, such as implant replacement of human tissues (Malm et al, 2012;Wang et al, 2010;Zang et al, 2015), encasement for tissue regeneration (Bäckdahl et al, 2006;Bäckdahl et al, 2008;Gibas and Janik, 2010;Kowalska-Ludwicka et al, 2013), etc. From a structural point of view, BC hydrogel is a typical nonwoven bio-material.…”