New Methods in Treatment of Renal Failure in Patients with Multiple Myeloma : A Review with Immunological Approach

Abstract

Multiple myeloma (MM), as one of a variety of autoimmune diseases, affects the immune system and, on the other hand, is considered to be a hematologic impairment. One of the most common and important complications of MM is renal impairment (RI), which is associated with an increase in serum Cr levels. Although RI is one of the major complications of MM, the routine therapies for MM patients practically lack acceptable efficacy for the improvement of RI patients, and as a result, RI remains a deadly disease with high mortality rate and very bad prognosis; therefore, new treatments have been proposed for the improvement of nephropathy in patients with MM, and extensive research is ongoing in various phases, including clinical trials. Attempts were made in this study to review common and advanced treatments (immunotherapy, cell therapy, new therapies based on genetic engineering) in these patients and to consider this disease from an immunological viewpoint.