New method to reduce NO<SUB>x</SUB> emissions of diesel engines: electronically controlled steam injection system

Investigation of the influences of steam injection on the equilibrium combustion products and thermodynamic properties of bio fuels (biodiesels and alcohols)

“…Therefore, this method can reduce the exhaust emissions, especially NO emissions, while the engine performance increases [33][34][35][36][37][38][39]. Another marked result of this study is that less CO, CO 2 and NO are formed by combustion of the alcohols [ETH and METH] compared to DF and biodiesels at the same equivalence ratios.…”

“…There are various methods so as to reduce NOx emissions such as exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), the water usage methods (direct water injection (DWI), fumigation, emulsion). Since EGR decrease the engine performance considerably [31,32], classical water usage methods lower the quality of lubrication oil and increase the attrition rate of moving parts of the engine [33], recently, steam injection method has been proposed and used by engine researchers [33][34][35][36][37][38][39][43][44][45] in order to reduce NOx emissions and improve the engine performance.…”

Application of Taguchi Methods for the Optimization of Factors Affecting Engine Performance and Emission of Exhaust Gas Recirculation in Steam-injected Diesel Engines

“…Ishida et al investigated port water injection (fumigation) into diesel engine and observed that NOx emissions reduce about 50% [9]. Parlak et al studied water injection in the form of steam phase into intake manifold and revealed that NOx emissions and SFC reduce effective power and torque increase with electronically controlled steam injection system [10].…”

Feasibility of Supporting Diesel Engine Using Solar–Hydrogen Energy Cycle

“…Earlier works by Hamdan [9,10] and his team showed that hydrogen enrichment has great potential in reducing the need of liquid diesel, while in this work the authors is testing the effect of hydrogen-oxygen mixture as a supplement to diesel engine. One way to produce hydrogen gas is by water electrolysis which also produces oxygen.…”

“…Therefore, the needs for techniques to hinder NOx emissions become more significant for dual hydrogen-diesel engine operation when compared to pure diesel operation. The NOx emission can be hindered in diesel engine by injecting steam to the combustion [10] or by operating alean mixtures combustion. The lean mixture results in lower temperature that would slow the chemical reaction, which weakens the kinetics of NOx formation [11,12].…”