New method to estimate the “re-activated” binder amount in recycled hot-mix asphalt

Stimilli, Arianna; Virgili, Amedeo; Canestrari, Francesco

doi:10.1080/14680629.2015.1029678

Cited by 52 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The quantity of RA binder in the asphalt mix is identified sometime as asphalt binder replacement, recycled binder ratio, effective RAP binder, RAP binder contribution, RAP binder activity, RAP working binder, RAP binder availability (Kaseer, Arámbula-Mercado, & Martin, 2019), replaced virgin binder (Davide Lo Presti, Jimenez del Barco Carrion, Airey, & Hajj, 2016) and amount of re-activated binder (Stimilli, Virgili, & Canestrari, 2015). In mix design practices, this quantity is considered as a percentage of RA binder by weight with respect to the total binder by weight in the asphalt mixture, however its accurate estimation still raises concerns due to its ultimate effect on mxi performance.…”

Section: State Of the Art: Degree Of Blending And Related Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies showed that if the RA content is too high, more energy would be required to activate the RA binder (Booshehrian et al, 2013;Gottumukkala et al, 2018;Huang, Pauli, Grimes, & Turner, 2014;Kriz et al, 2014;McDaniel, Soleymani, Anderson, Turner, & Peterson, 2000;Oliver, 2001;Shirodkar et al, 2011;Stimilli et al, 2015;Zhang et al, 2015;Zhao et al, 2015).…”

Section: Content Of Ra In a New Mixturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…As much as the RA binder film is thicker, there will be more binder which may be activated and blended during the mixing phase increasing the DoB (Cavalli et al, 2016(Cavalli et al, , 2017Kriz et al, 2014;Liphardt et al, 2015;Stimilli et al, 2015).…”

Section: Ra Binder Film Thicknessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to increase of the specific surface area with reduction in the size of RA particles, the amount of aged binder will be higher implying more binder available for blending (Castorena et al, 2016;Stephens et al, 2001;Stimilli et al, 2015 From a careful analysis of the findings reported in Tables 1-3, it is possible to highlight that the blending phenomena is certainly influenced by the selected pre-processing conditions of the RA: mixing temperature and time, RA content, RA type and applied recycling agent. In all the studies found in literature, the blending phenomena has always been studied in a scenario where the RA is blended with a recycling agent (hereinafter referred to as "RA + recycling agent scenario").…”

Section: Ra Fraction Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

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On the degree of binder activity of reclaimed asphalt and degree of blending with recycling agents

Presti

Vasconcelos

Orešković

et al. 2019

Road Materials and Pavement Design

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On the Degree of binder Activity of reclaimed asphalt and Degree of Blending with recycling agents It's common practice to assume full blending of the aged binder of reclaimed asphalt (RA) within the design of new asphalt mixtures. Although being practical, this assumption has often led designers to asphalt mixtures lacking binder. Hence, going towards recycled asphalt mixtures (RAM) there is a need to have a better understanding of the blending phenomena, to have a general agreement on terminology and finally adapting RA classification and mix design procedures accordingly. This manuscript aims at being both a reference and stimulus for the scientific community to work in this direction and on this basis provides a nomenclature and a theoretical framework of the blending phenomena. The study is built upon a literature review on definitions, methods and influencing factors related with the blending phenomena and as a result an intrinsic property of RA, the degree of binder activity (DoA), is introduced for the sake of improving RA classification. Furthermore, the two well-known concepts of degree of Blending (DoB) and degree of Availability (DoAv) are redefined, within the proposed framework, together with practical suggestions to introduce them in mix design procedures. Keywords: degree of activity; degree of blending; degree of availability; recycled asphalt; recycling agent, blending phenomena Black Aggregate White Aggregate Softer RA binder: The layer of aged binder that does not move from the RA particles, but becomes softer and acts as a glue. Total RA binder: amount of binder potentially available as binding agent and composed of the RA binder and, when present, recycling agents. Unavailable RA binder: the amount of aged binder that cannot be considered available in a new formulation: This quantity is made of two components: Black Rock RA binder and Absorbed RA binder. 7. References AASTHO M323-12: Standard Specification for Superpave Volumetric Mix Design.

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Section: State Of the Art: Degree Of Blending And Related Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Content Of Ra In a New Mixturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ra Binder Film Thicknessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ra Fraction Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

On the degree of binder activity of reclaimed asphalt and degree of blending with recycling agents

Presti

Vasconcelos

Orešković

et al. 2019

Road Materials and Pavement Design

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“…The activation of the RAP binder is necessary for its mixing and blending with the virgin binder and virgin aggregate. The degree of binder activation also determines the homogeneity of the asphalt mixture with RAP [ 25 ]. Currently, there are no reliable testing methods to predict the RAP binder activation degree.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Homogeneity and Viscoelastic Behaviour of Bitumen Film in Asphalt Mixtures Containing RAP

2021

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This article discusses the phenomenon of fresh and RAP binders miscibility and presents test results of bitumen film properties from specially prepared asphalt mixtures. The miscibility of a fresh binder and a RAP binder still has not been fully recognised. The aim of this study was to determine the homogeneity level of the bitumen film based on viscoelastic assessment. In addition, an attempt was made to assess the impact of fresh binder on the binders blending degree. The study included assessment of homogeneity of bitumen film comprising various types of bituminous binders. The assessment was conducted on the basis of tests in the dynamic shear rheometer regarding rheological properties of the binders recovered from specific layers of the bitumen film using a staged extraction method. A complex shear modulus as a function of temperature, an elastic recovery R and a non-recoverable creep compliance modulus JNR from MSCR test were determined. The conducted statistical analyses confirmed the significant impact of the type of fresh binder on the blending degree. Regressive dependencies have been set between the differences of the complex shear modulus of the binders subject to mixing and differences of the complex shear modulus of binders from the internal and external layer of the bitumen film comprised of those binders. It was found that there is no full blending of fresh hard bitumen-simulated binder from RAP, which results in non-homogeneity of the bitumen film.

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Chemomap Imaging Microscopy Use to in Situ Assess Oxidative Ageing in Compacted Asphalt Mixtures

Vassaux¹,

Gaudefroy²,

Boulangé³

et al. 2018

RILEM Bookseries

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New method to estimate the “re-activated” binder amount in recycled hot-mix asphalt

Cited by 52 publications

References 18 publications

On the degree of binder activity of reclaimed asphalt and degree of blending with recycling agents

On the degree of binder activity of reclaimed asphalt and degree of blending with recycling agents

Homogeneity and Viscoelastic Behaviour of Bitumen Film in Asphalt Mixtures Containing RAP

Chemomap Imaging Microscopy Use to in Situ Assess Oxidative Ageing in Compacted Asphalt Mixtures

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